Responses of the Mediterranean seagrass Posidonia oceanica to hypersaline stress duration and recovery |
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| Institution: | 1. Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Centro Oceanográfico de Murcia, Seagrass Ecology Group, C/Varadero s/n, 30740 San Pedro del Pinatar, Murcia, Spain;2. Departamento de Ciencias del Mar y Biología Aplicada, University of Alicante, P.O. Box 99, 03080 Alicante, Spain;1. Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Napoli, Italy;2. Laboratorio di Proteomica, Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università della Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende 87036, Italy;1. Instituto Tecnológico de Canarias, S.A. (Canary Islands Technological Institute) Playa de Pozo Izquierdo s/n, 35110 Santa Lucía, Las Palmas, Spain;2. ECOS, Estudios Ambientales y Oceanografía, S.L., C/Alfred Nobel 31B, 35013 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain;3. Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Centro Oceanográfico de Murcia, C/Varadero, 1, 30740 Murcia, Spain;4. Canaragua, S.A. Avda. Manuel Hermoso Rojas, 4, 38003 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain;5. Elmasa Tecnología del Agua, S.A., Av. de Tirajana no 39, Edificio Mercurio Torre 2, Sexta Planta, 35100 San Bartolomé de Tirajana, Las Palmas, Spain;6. Instituto Canario de Ciencias Marinas, Ctra. de Taliarte, s/n, 35200 Telde, Las Palmas, Spain;1. Global Change Department, IMEDEA (CSIC-UIB), Instituto Mediterráneo de Estudios Avanzados, C/Miquel Marqués 21, 07190 Esporles, Mallorca, Spain;2. The UWA Oceans Institute and School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley 6009, Australia;3. King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Red Sea Research Center, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia;1. Dept. Ecología, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain;2. Centre d’Estudis Avançats de Blanes (CSIC), Carretera d’accés a la cala sant Francesc 14 Spain;3. Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Vejlsøvej 25, 8600 Silkeborg, Denmark;4. Department of Environmental Science, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands;5. Department of Global Change Research, IMEDEA (UIB-CSIC), Institut Mediterrani d’Estudis Avançats, Miquel Marquès 21, 07190 Esporles, Spain;6. Marine Plant Ecology Research Group, Center of Marine Sciences Universidade do Algarve, Gambelas 8005-139 Faro, Portugal;7. Nature Conservation Foundation, 3076/5, 4th Cross, Gokulam Park, Mysore, India;8. Department of Marine Sciences and Applied Biology, University of Alicante, P.O. Box 99, 03080 Alicante, Spain;9. King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Red Sea Research Center (RSRC), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia |
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| Abstract: | We studied the hypersaline stress responses of the Mediterranean seagrass Posidonia oceanica to determine if the species was tolerant to salinity increases that occur in coastal waters by the desalination industry. Water relations, amino acids, carbohydrates, ions, photosynthesis, respiration, chlorophyll a fluorescence, leaf growth and morphology, and plant mortality were analysed after exposing the mesocosm P. oceanica to a salinity level of 43 for one and three months followed by a month for recovery. One-month saline-stressed plants exhibited sub-lethal effects, including a leaf cell turgor pressure reduction, loss of ionic equilibrium and decreased leaf growth. There were also changes in photoprotective mechanisms, increased concentrations of organic osmolytes in leaves and reduced leaf ageing. All these dysfunctions recovered after removing the stress. After the longer exposure of three months, stress symptoms were much more acute and plants showed an excessive ionic exclusion capacity, increased leaf cell turgor, reduced plant carbon balance, increased leaf aging and leaf decay and increased plant mortality, which indicated that the plant had entered a stage of severe physiological stress. In addition, the long-term saline-stressed plants were not able to recover, still showing sustained injury after the one-month recovery period as reflected by unbalanced leaf ionic content, persistently impaired photosynthesis, decline in internal carbon resources and decreased leaf growth that resulted in undersized plants. In conclusion, P. oceanica was not able to acclimate to the saline conditions tested since it could not reach a new physiological equilibrium or recover after a chronic exposure of 3 months. |
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