| 2010年玉树7.1级地震诱发滑坡特征及其地震地质意义 |
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| 引用本文： | 蒋瑶,吴中海,李家存,马丹,周春景,李跃华,刘艳辉.2010年玉树7.1级地震诱发滑坡特征及其地震地质意义[J].地质学报,2014,88(6):1157-1176. |
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| 作者姓名： | 蒋瑶 吴中海 李家存 马丹 周春景 李跃华 刘艳辉 |
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| 作者单位： | 中国地质大学（北京）,地球科学与资源学院,中国地质科学院地质力学研究所,首都师范大学资源环境与旅游学院,首都师范大学资源环境与旅游学院,中国地质科学院地质力学研究所,中国地质大学（北京）,中国地质大学（北京）,地球科学与资源学院 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金项目（面上项目，重点项目，重大项目） |
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| 摘 要： | 2010年玉树7.1级地震造成了一系列次生地质灾害。笔者在玉树灾区地震地质灾害调查基础上，结合Quickbird高分辨率遥感影像数据和航片影像数据，以目视解译为主，共提取了542处地震滑坡，并首次发现了11处古地震滑坡。调查研究结果显示，玉树地震滑坡主要包括崩塌、狭义的滑坡和土溜等三种类型。其中地震崩塌占到了90%以上，按其物质成分可进一步划分为碎屑型崩塌、碎屑流型崩塌和岩崩等三类。地震滑坡的空间展布特征显示，该区80%以上的地震滑坡集中分布在以玉树活动断层为轴的长约95km、两侧宽2km的廊带区内，并与发震断层距离和宏观震中有很好的相关性，其高密度区与同震地表破裂的空间分段性也有很好的对应关系，体现出典型的走滑型发震断层的控灾特点。同时，还进一步分析了山体坡度、坡体形态、临空面高度和地层岩石与岩体完整度等因素对地震滑坡总体分布的影响。对古地震滑坡的初步研究发现，古地震滑坡的规模、期次和分布特征间接地反映出玉树断裂带在全新世期间曾发生过多次震级强度明显大于本次玉树7.1级地震的古地震事件，这为更深入探索玉树断裂带古地震事件提供了另一种重要的研究途径。此外，地震滑坡分布与地表破裂和极震区破坏程度之间的密切空间关系指示，地震滑坡也可以成为快速圈定宏观震中以及开展极震区地震烈度评价等方面的重要指标。
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| 关 键 词： | 青藏高原 玉树地震 地震滑坡 古地震滑坡 走滑断层 |
| 收稿时间： | 2013/2/18 0:00:00 |
| 修稿时间： | 2013/7/16 0:00:00 |
The Characteristics of Landslides Triggered by the Yushu Ms 7.1 Earthquake and its seismogeology implication |
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| Jiang Yao,wu zhong hai,Li Jiachun,Ma Dan,ZHOU Chujin,Li Yuehua and Liu Yanhui.The Characteristics of Landslides Triggered by the Yushu Ms 7.1 Earthquake and its seismogeology implication[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2014,88(6):1157-1176. |
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| Authors: | Jiang Yao wu zhong hai Li Jiachun Ma Dan ZHOU Chujin Li Yuehua and Liu Yanhui |
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| Institution: | College of Earth Science and Resources, China University of Geosciences,Insititute of Geomechanics, Chinese Academy of Geological Science,College of Resource Environment and Tourism, Capital Normal University,College of Resource Environment and Tourism, Capital Normal University,,Institude of Geomechanics, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,College of Earth Science and Resources, China University of Geosciences,College of Earth Science and Resources, China University of Geosciences |
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| Abstract: | The 2010 Yushu earthquake with Ms7.1 triggered a series of secondary geological hazards. On the basis of field survey of earthquake geological hazards in Yushu, combined with Quickbird remote sensing image data and aerial photo interpretation method by visual interpretation, there are 542 landslides ,as well as ,11 paleoseismic landslides are found first in Yushu. Based on the above, the major characteristics and spatial distribution of landslides, which include slide, collapse and debris flow, are presented in this paper. Among them the paper focuses on character of earthquake collapse which is much more than others. And according to type of material ,the earthquake collapse are classified into three types, which are debris fall, debris flow and rock fall, and the paper analysis each developmental characteristic and condition. The result shows the earthquake landslide mainly distributes in the area of length of about 95 km and along both sides of the fault rupture in a wide 2km range. As well as, the spatial distribution of earthquake landslides has well correspond with co-seismic surface rupture sections, distances of seismogenic fault and macroscopic epicenter location. Around the most serious surface rupture section has much more landslides, and the number of landslides increase as the distances to fault is closing. At macroscopic epicenter, the density of landslides is the greatest of all study area. All of them reflect typical disaster control character of Yushu strike-slip fault. Summarizing the differences, the distribution of earthquake landslides is strictly dominated by seismogenic fault, as well as, the geographic and geomorphic condition and formation lithology also make a difference, which mainly consider slope gradient, shape from of slope, height of free face and bedrock fragmentation. The paper also presents the intact form of non-tectonic rupture and summarizes it mainly cracks in middle side and press-shear in both sides, and the width and height of rupture is decreasing from middle to both sides. Combined with investigation on 11 large-scale old landslides of multi-period in field survey, writer finally confirm they are triggered by paleoearthquake by means of geographic and geomorphic condition, character of distribution, sedimentary characteristics of slip mass and analysis of genetic mechanism. Further study on the dimensions and character of paleosismic landslides, Yushu fault zone occurred multi-period paleoearthquakes in Holocene period whose magnitude is larger than Yushu Ms 7.1. Consequently, exploration of paleosismic landslide provides a good way for research on paleoseismic events. Moreover, in view of close relationship among the distribution of landslides triggered by earthquake and earthquake surface rupture and damage degree of the meizoseismal area, the author proposed earthquake-induced landslide can quickly locate the macroscopic epicenter and contributes to further earthquake intensity evaluation of the meizoseismal area, which provides theoretical basis and guiding significance for earthquake relief work and future geology hazard risk assessment. |
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