Groundwater and volcanoes: examples from the Azores archipelago |
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| Authors: | Email author" target="_blank">José?Virgílio?CruzEmail author |
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| Institution: | (1) Department of Geosciences, University of Azores, Rua da Mãe de Deus, Apartado 1422, 9501-801 Ponta Delgada, Portugal |
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| Abstract: | Groundwater at the Azores archipelago is a strategic resource for the freshwater supply. Freshwater, mineral and thermal water discharges occur in the archipelago, and especially at the Fogo and Furnas volcanoes (São Miguel). These discharges provide data for case studies of groundwater chemistry from volcanic monitoring due to the stable composition of the sampled waters. The mineral and thermal discharges are mainly of sodium bicarbonate types and present a large range of temperatures, from cold springs to waters at about 90 °C. Some boiling discharges have a sulfate-dominated composition, suggesting a steam-heating mechanism. Geochemical studies on these mineral and thermal waters began in the 19th century. Data gathered since these earlier studies provide a baseline for pH, temperature, CO2 and major-element composition. Weekly measurements of pH and temperature also denote a rather stable behavior. |
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