Present warming within the context of cooling–warming cycles observed since 1854 in the Bay of Biscay |
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| Authors: | M deCastro M Gómez-Gesteira I Alvarez JLG Gesteira |
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| Institution: | 1. US Army Corps of Engineers, ERDC-TEC, Alexandria, VA 22315, USA;2. University of Bristol, Department of Earth Sciences, Queen''s Road, Bristol BS8 1RJ, UK;3. University of Pittsburgh, Department of Geology and Planetary Science, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA;4. University at Buffalo, SUNY, Dept of Geology, 411 Cooke Hall, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA;1. EPhysLab, Environmental Physics Laboratory, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain;2. CESAM, Departamento de Física, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;1. Sir Alister Hardy Foundation for Ocean Science, Citadel Hill, The Hoe, Plymouth PL1 2PB, England, United Kingdom;2. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Laboratoire d''Océanologie et de Géosciences'' UMR LOG CNRS 8187, Station Marine, Université des Sciences et Technologies de Lille, Lille 1 BP 80, 62930 Wimereux, France;3. Fisheries Centre, 2202 Main Mall, Aquatic Ecosystems Research Laboratory, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 1Z4;4. Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate, Department of Biology, Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark |
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| Abstract: | The warming trend observed during the last decades in the Bay of Biscay is put within the context of sea surface temperature (SST) changes observed in the area since 1854. Macroscopically, two consecutive warming–cooling cycles were detected during this period of time: cooling from 1867 to 1910; warming from 1910 to 1945; cooling from 1945 to 1974; and warming from 1974 to nowadays. Warming rates of 0.17 and 0.22 °C per decade were measured during the warming sub-periods and cooling rates of ?0.14 and ?0.10 °C per decade were measured during the cooling sub-periods. The present warming period is on the same order of magnitude although slightly more intense than the one observed from 1910 to 1945, which is consistent with previous analysis carried for the North Atlantic. Finally, the thermal amplitude defined as the difference between the maximum and minimum annual values has increased since 1974 at a rate of 0.06 °C per decade due to the different increasing rates of the maximum (0.26 °C per decade) and minimum (0.20 °C per decade) SSTs. |
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