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Sand beach ridges record 6000 year history of extreme tropical cyclone activity in northeastern Australia |
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| Authors: | Jonathan Nott Scott Smithers Kevin Walsh Ed Rhodes |
| Institution: | 1. Department of Applied Geology, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia;2. Department of Environment and Agriculture, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia;1. State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200046, China;2. Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Northwest University, Xi''an 710127, China;3. School of Marine Sciences, Nanjing University of Information Sciences & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China;4. Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou 310012, China;5. School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia 4072, Queensland, Australia |
| Abstract: | Sand beach ridges are considered to be derived either from aeolian processes and/or waves but their deposition by individual or multiple storms has not been investigated in any detail. We use numerical meteorological and oceanographic models to determine the origin of a sequence of 29 shore parallel sand beach ridges in northeastern Australia. The results suggest that the ridges were constructed by waves and that the final form or height of the ridges is a function of high-energy tropical cyclone generated waves plus storm tides. Hence these landforms archive a nearly 6000 year long history of intense tropical cyclones. The record implies that these extreme tempests occur considerably more frequently than that suggested by the short historical record for this region. The genesis of this sand beach ridge plain has implications for the interpretation of similar sequences elsewhere along the northeast coast of Australia and in comparable environments globally. If other similar sand beach ridge plains have also been deposited by like processes it stands to reason that these long-term records of high intensity tropical cyclones can be used to ascertain a regional scale risk assessment from this hazard. |
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