Environmental history,palaeoecology and human activity at the early Neolithic forager/cultivator site at Kuahuqiao,Hangzhou, eastern China |
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| Authors: | James B Innes Yongqiang Zong Zhongyuan Chen Chun Chen Zhanghua Wang Hui Wang |
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| Institution: | 1. State Key Laboratory for Mineral Deposits Research, School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210046, China;2. State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China;3. Department of Geological Sciences and Geological Engineering, Queen''s University, Kingston, Ontario K7L3N6, Canada;4. State Key Laboratory of Marine Geology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China;5. School of Geosciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA;1. State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China;2. Geological Survey of Japan, AIST, Central 7, Higashi 1-1-1, Tsukuba 305-8567, Japan;3. National Institute of Polar Research, 10-3, Midoricho, Tachikawa, Tokyo 190-8518, Japan;4. Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Nagoya University, Fur-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan;5. Yunnan Institute of Environmental Science, No. 23 Wang Jiaba, Kunming 650034, China;6. School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China;1. State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China;2. Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China;3. Centre for Hydrological and Ecosystem Science, Department of Geography, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, UK |
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| Abstract: | The date and location of the adoption of rice cultivation by foraging cultures in China are of considerable current interest but its understanding is hampered by lack of information regarding its palaeoenvironmental context. We present detailed multi-proxy palaeoecological research at the earliest-dated site of rice cultivation in the coastal littoral of east China which has revealed the precise environmental setting of this early Neolithic settlement and its incipient cultivation at ca 7750 cal BP. Regional and local environmental changes governed the character of the site and the duration of human activity. After an episode of marine conditions, natural hydrological succession and terrestrialisation of the site preceded fire clearance of marsh fen-carr alder scrub that prepared the ground for cultivation and then maintained a reedswamp-type wet grassland in which rice was grown. Cropping of Typha stands may have formed part of the subsistence base before the site was overwhelmed by marine inundation ca 7200 cal BP, after which rice cultivation spread to Neolithic sites of Hemudu type elsewhere in the coastal lowlands. We suggest that integrated multi-proxy palaeoecological studies are vitally important for the full understanding of such key wetland archaeological sites. |
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