Holocene and latest Pleistocene alpine glacier fluctuations: a global perspective |
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| Authors: | P Thompson Davis Brian Menounos Gerald Osborn |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Natural and Applied Sciences, Bentley University, Waltham, MA 02452-4705, USA;2. Natural Resources and Environmental Studies Institute and Geography Program, University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, British Columbia V2N 4Z9, Canada;3. Department of Geoscience, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada;1. C.N.R. – Istituto per la Dinamica dei Processi Ambientali, Laboratory of Palynology and Palaeoecology, Piazza della Scienza 1, 20126 Milano, Italy;2. DISAT, University of Milano Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 1, 20126 Milano, Italy;3. Département de Géologie et Océanographie, UMR CNRS 5805, Université Bordeaux 1, Avenue des Facultés, 33405 Talence cedex, France;4. Centre for Climate, the Environment & Chronology School of Geography, Archaeology and Palaeoecology, Queen''s University of Belfast, 42 Fitzwilliam Street, Belfast, UK;1. Department of Ecological Sciences, Millennium Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity, Center for Climate Research and Resilience, and Millennium Nucleus Paleoclimate of the Southern Hemisphere, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile;2. School of Earth and Climate Sciences and Climate Change Institute, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, USA;3. Observatorio Volcanológico de los Andes del Sur, Servicio Nacional de Geología y Minería, Temuco, Chile;4. Department of Geology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, 500 Geology/Physics Building, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA;5. Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, Palisades, NY, USA;1. Department of Earth Science, University of Bergen, Allégaten 41, 5007 Bergen, Norway;2. Uni Climate, Uni Research, Allégaten 55, 5007 Bergen, Norway;3. Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, Allégaten 55, 5007 Bergen, Norway;4. Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, Palisades, NY 10964, USA;5. Department of Geosciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA;1. Department of Earth Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Sweden;2. Earth and Environmental Sciences Institute, Pennsylvania State University, USA;3. Geomorphology and Glaciology, Department of Physical Geography and Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, Sweden;4. Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Purdue University, USA |
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| Abstract: | Alpine glacier fluctuations provide important paleoclimate proxies where other records such as ice cores, tree rings, and speleothems are not available. About 20 years have passed since a special issue of Quaternary Science Reviews was published to review the worldwide evidence for Holocene glacier fluctuations. Since that time, numerous sites have been discovered, new dating techniques have been developed, and refined climatic hypotheses have been proposed that contribute to a better understanding of Earth's climate system. This special volume includes 12 papers on Holocene and latest Pleistocene alpine glacier fluctuations that update the seven review papers from 1988.Major findings of these 12 papers include the following: many, but certainly not all, alpine areas record glacier advances during the Younger Dryas cold interval. Most areas in the Northern Hemisphere witnessed maximum glacier recession during the early Holocene, with some glaciers disappearing, although a few sites yield possible evidence for advances during the 8.2 ka cooling event. In contrast, some alpine areas in the Southern Hemisphere saw glaciers reach their maximum post-glacial extents during the early to middle Holocene. In many parts of the globe, glaciers reformed and/or advanced during Neoglaciation, beginning as early as 6.5 ka. Neoglacial advances commonly occurred with millennial-scale oscillations, with many alpine glaciers reaching their maximum Holocene extents during the Little Ice Age of the last few centuries. Although the pattern and rhythm of these glacier fluctuations remain uncertain, improved spatial coverage coupled with tighter age control for many events will provide a means to assess forcing mechanisms for Holocene and latest Pleistocene glacial activity and perhaps predict glacier response to future impacts from human-induced climate change. |
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