The Plio-Pleistocene glaciation of the Barents Sea–Svalbard region: a new model based on revised chronostratigraphy |
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| Authors: | Jochen Knies Jens Matthiessen Christoph Vogt Jan Sverre Laberg Berit O Hjelstuen Morten Smelror Eiliv Larsen Karin Andreassen Tor Eidvin Tore O Vorren |
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| Institution: | 1. Geological Survey of Norway, P.O. Box 6315 Sluppen, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway;2. Department of Earth Science, University of Bergen, P.O. Box 7803, N-5007 Bergen, Norway;3. Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, Uni Research Climate, Allégaten 55, N-5007 Bergen, Norway;4. Department of Geology, University of Tromsø, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway;5. Norwegian Polar Institute, Fram Centre, N-9296 Tromsø, Norway.;6. Centre for Arctic Gas Hydrate, Environment and Climate, University of Tromsø, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway;1. OGS (Istituto Nazionale di Oceanografia e di Geofisica Sperimentale), Borgo Grotta Gigante 42/c, I-34010 Sgonico, Trieste, Italy;2. Departament d''Estratigrafia, Paleontologia i Geociències Marines, Universitat de Barcelona, Facultat de Geologia, C/Martí i Franquès, s/n, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain;3. ICREA, Istitució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain;4. Department of Geology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Salamanca, E-37008 Salamanca, Spain;5. Facultad de CC. Biológicas y Ambientales, Universidad de León, Campus de Vegazana, s/n, E-24071 León, Spain;6. Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Via di Vigna Murata 605, I-00143 Roma, Italy;7. Institut de Ciències del Mar (CSIC), Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta, 37-49, E-08003 Barcelona, Spain;8. Dipartimento di Geoscienze, Università di Trieste, Via E. Weiss 2, I-34128 Trieste, Italy;9. Department of Stratigraphy, Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland (GEUS), Øster Voldgade 10, DK-1350 Copenhagen K, Denmark;10. Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Università di Siena, via Laterina 8, I-53100 Siena, Italy;11. Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra “Macedonio Melloni”, Parco Area delle Scienze, 157A, 43124 Parma, Italy |
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| Abstract: | Based on a revised chronostratigraphy, and compilation of borehole data from the Barents Sea continental margin, a coherent glaciation model is proposed for the Barents Sea ice sheet over the past 3.5 million years (Ma). Three phases of ice growth are suggested: (1) The initial build-up phase, covering mountainous regions and reaching the coastline/shelf edge in the northern Barents Sea during short-term glacial intensification, is concomitant with the onset of the Northern Hemisphere Glaciation (3.6–2.4 Ma). (2) A transitional growth phase (2.4–1.0 Ma), during which the ice sheet expanded towards the southern Barents Sea and reached the northwestern Kara Sea. This is inferred from step-wise decrease of Siberian river-supplied smectite-rich sediments, likely caused by ice sheet blockade and possibly reduced sea ice formation in the Kara Sea as well as glacigenic wedge growth along the northwestern Barents Sea margin hampering entrainment and transport of sea ice sediments to the Arctic–Atlantic gateway. (3) Finally, large-scale glaciation in the Barents Sea occurred after 1 Ma with repeated advances to the shelf edge. The timing is inferred from ice grounding on the Yermak Plateau at about 0.95 Ma, and higher frequencies of gravity-driven mass movements along the western Barents Sea margin associated with expansive glacial growth. |
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