Temperature variability in the Bay of Biscay during the past 40 years,from an in situ analysis and a 3D global simulation |
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| Authors: | S Michel A-M Treguier F Vandermeirsch |
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| Institution: | 1. AZTI-Tecnalia, Marine Research Division, Herrera kaia portualdea z/g, 20110 Pasaia, Spain;2. Instituto Mediterraneo de Estudios Avanzados, IMEDEA, (CSIC-UIB), Esporles, Spain;3. Laboratoire de Physique des Océans, UMR 6523 CNRS-Ifremer-IRD-UBO, Brest, France;4. CNRS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (Paris 06), UMR 7159, Laboratoire d''Océanographie et de Climatologie: Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Paris, France;1. EPhysLab, Environmental Physics Laboratory, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain;2. CESAM, Departamento de Física, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;1. Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA;2. Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA |
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| Abstract: | A global in situ analysis and a global ocean simulation are used jointly to study interannual to decadal variability of temperature in the Bay of Biscay, from 1965 to 2003. A strong cooling is obtained at all depths until the mid-1970's, followed by a sustained warming over ～30 years. Strong interannual fluctuations are superimposed on this slow evolution. The fluctuations are intensified at the surface and are weakest at ～500 m. A good agreement is found between the observed and simulated temperatures, in terms of mean values, interannual variability and time correlations. Only the decadal trend is significantly underestimated in the simulation. A comparison to satellite sea surface temperature (SST) data over the last 20 years is also presented. The first mode of interannual variability exhibits a quasi-uniform structure and is related to the inverse winter North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) index. Regarding the vertical structure, most cool and warm anomalies are generated at the surface, with the strongest ones penetrating down to 700 m and lasting up to 5 years. The complete heat budget from 1965 to 2004 is presented, including the contributions of vertical transport, freshwater flux and surface elevation. Interannual anomalies are mainly generated by the surface heat flux, while oceanic transports may become more important at longer time scales. |
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