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Clam burrowing behaviour: Inhibition by copper-enriched sediment

Authors:	H L Phelps J T Hardy W H Pearson C W Apts

Institution:	^a University of District of Columbia, 1321 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20005, USA ^b Battelle, Marine Research Laboratory, 439 West Sequim Bay Road, Sequim, WA 98382, USA

Abstract:	Burrowing behaviour is adaptive and allows clams to escape predation; yet the effects of potentially toxic metals on such behaviour have not been adequately investigated. In natural marine sediment contaminated with copper the time for littleneck clams (Protothaca staminea) to achieve complete burial was recorded. Above a threshold of 5.8 μg g^?1 Cu added to dry sediment, the time for 50% of the clams to burrow (ET₅₀) increased logarithmically with increasing sediment copper concentration according to: logET₅₀ = 0.15 (CU) - 1.37 (n = 4, r² = 0.98) where ET₅₀=time in hours for 50% of clams to burrow and Cu=μg g^?1 Cu in dry sediment. Previously exposed clams had both a lower threshold to Cu and a longer reburrowing time (ET₅₀). Clams exposed to sediment mixed with Chelex-100®-sorbed copper showed no significant change in burrowing time. Bioassays based on claim burrowing behaviour can measure both bioeffectiveness of sediment-sorbed metals and a sublethal effect with ecological meaning.

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