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The dilution and dispersion of ballast water discharged into Goderich Harbor |
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| Authors: | Wells Mathew G Bailey Sarah A Ruddick Barry |
| Institution: | a Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M1C 1A4 b Great Lakes Laboratory for Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, 867 Lakeshore Road, Box 5050, Burlington, Ontario, Canada L7R 4A6 c Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research, University of Windsor, 401 Sunset Avenue, Windsor, Ontario, Canada N9B 3P4 d Department of Oceanography, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada B3H 4J1 |
| Abstract: | Observations are presented on dilution and dispersion rates of ballast water discharged under normal operational conditions at the semi-enclosed port of Goderich, Ontario. The ballast water was tagged with Rhodamine-WT dye and microscopic magnetically-attractive tracer particles. Maximum concentrations of dye immediately after discharge were diluted to 1-5% of initial ballast tank concentrations, and within 3 days had decreased to less than 0.1% of initial concentrations. Inside the harbor, there was 10-20% of the ballast water still present after 2 days, consistent with a flushing rate of 0.8-1.15 day−1. Magnetic particles were collected up to 7.5 km outside the harbor after one day, consistent with a dilution factor of order 105 outside the harbor. The results of this study are discussed in the context of ballast water discharge standards proposed by the International Maritime Organization to minimize the introduction of aquatic nonindigenous species through ships’ ballast water and sediments. |
| Keywords: | Biological invasions Great Lakes Harbors |
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