| 近年我国区域水文研究的若干进展 |
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| 引用本文： | 汤奇成,周成虎.近年我国区域水文研究的若干进展[J].地理研究,1988,7(1):79-85. |
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| 作者姓名： | 汤奇成 周成虎 |
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| 作者单位： | 中国科学院、国家计划委员会地理研究所 |
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| 摘 要： | 我国区域水文学的研究是在解放后其正发展起来的。尽管迄今人们对区域水文学仍有不同的认识,例如区域水文学是否可以与水文地理学等同,或是区域水文学是否应隶属于区域地理学等等,但是作为水文学的分支学科是无疑的。区域水文学从整体的观点来研究区域水文情势。区城可以是功能区,如城市、出口加工中心区等,或为自然景观区,如干旱区、喀斯特区等,也可以是行政区。目前,许多水文水利工作者已在致力于区域水文学的研究。
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RECENT PROGRESS OF REGIONAL HYDROLOGY OF CHINA |
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| Tang Qicheng,Zhou Chenghu.RECENT PROGRESS OF REGIONAL HYDROLOGY OF CHINA[J].Geographical Research,1988,7(1):79-85. |
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| Authors: | Tang Qicheng Zhou Chenghu |
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| Institution: | Institute of Geography. Chinese Academy of Sciences and State Planning Commission of The People''s Republic of China |
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| Abstract: | Region is the base of regional hydrological researches. The vagion can be either functional area or physical land-scape area or administrative area.In recent years,the researches on the hydrological elements have been emphasized on the following aspects:1. Time series analysis of runoff including annual distribution and intereannual variability. The methods such as uneven coefficient, concentration degree and concentration period, two-stage-sequent method, etc.have been developed in studying annual distribution.The index c which indicates interannual variability has got improved to be multivariable analysis, and sepuent optimal dividing method has been used to study long time series of run-off.2. Spatial distribution of runoff. Besides contour method, statistical methods of multivariable have been adopted.3. Low runoff. Gumbel curve is also used as theoreical probapility curve to calculate the frequency of low runoff, and time series analysis method has been used to calculate and predict low runoff.4. Solid discharge. We have made preliminary.researches on the runoff and sediment to he sea and their effecton the sea coast.5. The theories of runoff formation. The concept "land-scape runoff forming" has been developed. The general formula of R-V geomorphic unit hy-drograph has also been derived.As regards river type and hydrologic zonality, some papers have adopted clustering analysis to research river type in many places, and fuzzy cluster and principal component analysis are used.Particular zone researches includes:1. Hydrological researches of particular landscape zone. Much work has been done to study arid land and Karst zone.2. Hydrological researches of functional zone. Much researches onurban hyarology and the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain have been made. Other zonal studies such as of lake, glacier, swamp, estuary have been made.Although we have made much progress in regional hydrology research, the developing speed is relatively slow. From now on we should give more emphases on the researches about new theories, new methods, new techniques and their application, speed up hydrological study of arid land and karst zones, and found a database, and develop global and country wide hydrological researches. |
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