| 土地混合使用视角下的地块间兼容度测度 |
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| 引用本文： | 师浩辰,赵渺希,陈佩谦.土地混合使用视角下的地块间兼容度测度[J].热带地理,2021,41(4):746-759. |
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| 作者姓名： | 师浩辰 赵渺希 陈佩谦 |
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| 作者单位： | 华南理工大学，建筑学院，广州 510640;华南理工大学，亚热带建筑科学国家重点实验室，广州 510640 |
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| 基金项目： | 广东省科技计划“基于大数据的城市商业游憩区（RBD）规划勘察技术集成应用”(2016A040403041) |
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| 摘 要： | 在梳理已有土地兼容度的测度思路后，基于社会分隔的空间测度算法提出了一种从地块和街区双尺度测度地块间兼容度的新方法。与既有方法相比，新算法一方面将所有建设与非建设用地均纳入计算，力求更好地体现用地兼容度格局；另一方面也充分考虑了诸如相邻边长，领域面积等土地利用格局的重要空间几何特征，避免了传统算法无法量化距离衰减的缺陷，从而更加科学地描绘土地利用兼容度的分布特征。以湖南省湘潭市市辖区作为案例，在地块和街区2种尺度上进行实证研究。结果发现，湘潭市土地利用现状整体较为兼容，但仍然存在部分兼容度较低的聚集区域。这类区域基本位于城市郊区的工业园区和村集体用地上。其主要原因有二：其一，在工业园区中，过分重视工业企业的招商引资而忽视了规划管理，导致土地的真实利用情况与既有规划不符，一定程度上造成用地的不兼容现象；其二，在城边村的集体用地上，部分村级工业地块的无序扩张加剧了与宅基地、耕地等环境敏感用地的交织，继而形成不兼容的用地景象。最后，基于测度结果，从街区尺度上对湘潭市不兼容区域提出了对应的完善策略，以求在后续空间规划中提升湘潭市土地的混合利用程度。
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| 关 键 词： | 兼容性 土地混合程度 地块 街区 湘潭市 |
| 收稿时间： | 2020-08-03 |
Measuring the Functional Compatibility of Land from the Perspective of Land-Use Mix: A Case Study of Xiangtan |
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| Haochen Shi,Miaoxi Zhao,Peiqian Chen.Measuring the Functional Compatibility of Land from the Perspective of Land-Use Mix: A Case Study of Xiangtan[J].Tropical Geography,2021,41(4):746-759. |
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| Authors: | Haochen Shi Miaoxi Zhao Peiqian Chen |
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| Institution: | College of Architecture, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China;State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Building Science, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China |
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| Abstract: | Land-use mix is regarded as an effective method to improve urban quality and optimize built-up areas. In urban studies, this theory is usually defined in terms of diversity. Methodological approaches rely heavily on diversity in land use, but they often fail to consider functional compatibility as another critical characteristic, thus providing only a partial picture of land-use patterns. Although quantitative frameworks of land-use mix are mature and comprehensive, methods to measure functional compatibility are seldom discussed. Thus, by reviewing the literature on functional compatibility measurements, this paper proposes three new indices to gauge the degree of compatibility between land uses based on the quantitative approaches of social segregation. After considering existing methodologies, the paper first focuses on all land-use types, including undeveloped land, in order to capture hidden incompatibility; second, it considers all possible geo-features and includes them in the measurement process; and third, it attempts to interpret the functional compatibility of blocks and parcels of land to provide a basis for the district-level planning at scale of a block of land. To provide empirical evidence, this paper uses Xiangtan city as a case study—a typical medium-sized city in China, and representative of other third-tier cities—to evaluate the proposed indices. The general findings suggest that, overall, current land-use compatibility in Xiangtan is relatively good, but there are still some incompatibilities between neighboring lands. Most of the land has been developed for industrial purposes in a suburban industrial park. Industries, especially Class II industries, often generate pollutants such as noise, wastewater, and air pollution that have a huge negative environmental impact on the surrounding areas. These impacts can be effectively minimized through zoning and planning schemes that restrict industries to allocated areas, such as industrial parks or industrial zones. However, this is not always possible, partly due to the imperfect process of land acquisition that invalidates the intended benefits of planning schemes. Over time, the cumulative effect of these compromised planning schemes is an absence of scientific land-use management and a fragmented, complex, and incompatible pattern in land use. Based on the block-level indices we developed, we created a map of bivariate scatter plots for strategy making to improve the land-use mix in Xiangtan city through spatial planning. |
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| Keywords: | compatibility land-use mix land parcels blocks Xiangtan |
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