Mapping the liquefaction induced soil moisture changes using remote sensing technique: an attempt to map the earthquake induced liquefaction around Bhuj, Gujarat, India |
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| Authors: | D Ramakrishnan K K Mohanty S R Nayak R Vinu Chandran |
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| Institution: | (1) Department of Earth Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology, Powai, Mumbai, 400 076, India;(2) MWRG, Space Applications Centre, Ahmedabad, 380 015, India;(3) RRSSC-ISRO, IIT Campus, Kharagpur, 721 302, India |
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| Abstract: | The Bhuj earthquake (Mw = 7.9) occurred in the western part of India on 26th January 2001 and resulted in the loss of 20,000
lives and caused extensive damage to property. Soil liquefaction related ground failures such as lateral spreading caused
significant damage to bridges, dams and other civil engineering structures in entire Kachchh peninsula. The Bhuj area is a
part of large sedimentary basin filled with Jurassic, Tertiary and Quaternary deposits. This work pertains to mapping the
areas that showed sudden increase in soil moisture after the seismic event, using remote sensing technique. Multi-spectral,
spatial and temporal data sets from Indian Remote Sensing Satellite are used to derive the Liquefaction Sensitivity Index
(LSeI). The basic concept behind LSeI is that the near infrared and shortwave infrared regions of electromagnetic spectrum
are highly absorbed by soil moisture. Thus, the LSeI is herein used to identify the areas with increase in soil moisture after
the seismic event. The LSeI map of Bhuj is then correlated with field-based observation on Cyclic Stress Ratio (CSR) and Cyclic
Resistance Ratio (CRR), depth to water table, soil density and Liquefaction Severity Index (LSI). The derived LSeI values
are in agreement with liquefaction susceptible criteria and observed LSI (R
2 = 0.97). The results of the study indicate that the LSeI after calibration with LSI can be used as a quick tool to map the
liquefied areas. On the basis of LSeI, LSI, CRR, CSR and saturation, the unconsolidated sediments of the Bhuj area are classified
into three susceptibility classes. |
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| Keywords: | Gujarat earthquake 2001 liquefaction sensitivity index liquefaction severity index remote sensing |
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