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南海北部冷涌及其环流特征
引用本文:张玲,智协飞.南海北部冷涌及其环流特征[J].大气科学学报,2014,37(1):28-37.
作者姓名:张玲  智协飞
作者单位:气象灾害教育部重点实验室(南京信息工程大学);
基金项目:中国气象局成都高原气象研究所高原气象开放基金课题(LPM2011004);国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划)项目(2012CB955200);江苏高校优势学科建设工程资助项目(PAPD)
摘    要:利用中国南部沿海风向、地面气温及南海北部风速的变化确定南海北部冷涌的判别标准,构建了一个冷涌发生频率指数,对南海北部冷涌的年际变化特征及其环流异常进行讨论。结果表明,南海北部冷涌频率指数能够更加全面地描述冷涌系统的特征,与全国范围的冷空气爆发关系密切。南海北部冷涌与中高纬、中低纬环流具有密切的联系,是二者共同作用的结果。当贝加尔湖以西高压脊偏强,中高纬环流经向度加大,西太平洋副热带高压强度偏弱、位置偏东时,有利于大陆上冷空气南下入海,在南海北部形成冷涌。冷涌发生时,经向Hadley环流加强,调整中纬与低纬地区的大气质量,高层向北输送的大气在科氏力作用下导致东亚副热带西风急流加强,有利于冷涌的维持和加强。

关 键 词:南海北部  冷涌  年际变化  环流特征
收稿时间:2011/9/23 0:00:00
修稿时间:2011/12/5 0:00:00

The cold surge over the NSCS and its atmospheric circulation features
ZHANG Ling and ZHI Xie-fei.The cold surge over the NSCS and its atmospheric circulation features[J].大气科学学报,2014,37(1):28-37.
Authors:ZHANG Ling and ZHI Xie-fei
Institution:Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster(NUIST), Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210044, China;Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster(NUIST), Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210044, China
Abstract:Based on the data of daily wind direction and surface temperature over the China Southern Coast and the wind velocity over the northern South China Sea (NSCS),the northerly cold surge criterion and the occurrence frequency of the cold surge over NSCS were defined.In addition,the interannual variation of the cold surge over NSCS and the variation of its associated circulation have been investigated.The results show that the occurrence frequency index of the cold surge over NSCS can describe the cold surge system characteristics more comprehensively.It is closely associated with the outbreaks of cold air which influence most part of China,and results from the interaction between the middle and high latitude circulation and lower latitude circulation.When the ridge over the west of the Lake Baikal is stronger than normal,the meridionality of the circulation over middle and high latitudes becomes larger,at the same time the subtropical western Pacific high becomes weaker and is located further east than normal.Both of these are beneficial for the southward movement of the cold air,and lead to the cold surge''s formation over the NSCS.When the cold surge occurs,the Hadley cell becomes stronger and it adjusts the air quality over the middle and high latitudes.Meanwhile,the subtropical westerly jet resulting from the high-level air northward movement under the action of the Coriolis force becomes stronger than normal.Both of these elements are beneficial for the maintenance and strengthening of the cold surge.
Keywords:northern South China Sea  cold surge  interannual variation  atmospheric circulation characteristics
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