| 基于栅格叠合的沉积物底质图生成方法 |
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| 引用本文： | 杨康,张永战.基于栅格叠合的沉积物底质图生成方法[J].第四纪研究,2007,27(5):889-895. |
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| 作者姓名： | 杨康 张永战 |
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| 作者单位： | 1. 南京大学地理与海洋科学学院,南京,210093
2. 南京大学地理与海洋科学学院,南京,210093;南京大学地理与海洋科学学院海岸与海岛开发教育部重点实验室,南京,210093 |
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| 基金项目： | 南京大学地理与海洋科学学院基地经费资助 |
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| 摘 要： | 文章提出了一种基于GIS空间插值和栅格图叠合技术,分析生成沉积物底质图的方法,并以曹妃甸海区为例,以170个海底表层沉积物样的粒度分析结果为依据,应用本文设计的方法生成这一海区的底质分布图,并用预留的20个采样点进行了精度分析和检验,在此基础上比较了不同的空间插值方法对生成的底质图结果的影响.结果显示出这一方法成图速度快、自动化程度高,但也存在对原始数据精度要求高、插值方法带来误差等问题.在借鉴传统底质图生成方法的基础上,运用三维TIN模型对成图结果进行改进,最终形成一种结合地貌要素的栅格叠合的沉积物底质图生成方法.
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| 关 键 词： | 沉积物底质图 空间插值 栅格叠合 地貌分析 |
| 文章编号： | 1001-7410（2007）05-889-07 |
| 收稿时间： | 2007-06-25 |
| 修稿时间： | 2007-07-10 |
A METHOD TO GENERATE TYPES AND DISTRIBUTION OF SURFACE SEDIMENT MAP BASED ON RASTER OVERLAY FUNCTION OF GIS |
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| Yang Kang,Zhang Yongzhan.A METHOD TO GENERATE TYPES AND DISTRIBUTION OF SURFACE SEDIMENT MAP BASED ON RASTER OVERLAY FUNCTION OF GIS[J].Quaternary Sciences,2007,27(5):889-895. |
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| Authors: | Yang Kang Zhang Yongzhan |
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| Institution: | 1.School of Geographic and Oceanographic Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093; 2.The Key Laboratory of Coastal and Island Development Ministry of Education, School of Geographic and Oceanographic Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093 |
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| Abstract: | Properties and distribution of submarine surface sediments are fundamental characteristics to show the main sedimentary dynamic processes, as well as essential tools to classify sedimentary environment. Based on the two main functions of GIS, the spatial interpolation and the raster overlay(algebra algorithms), a method has been developed to generate types and distribution of surface sediments automatically from results of the in-door grain-size analyses, and the Cao-Fei-Dian coast has been taken as a case study.The Cao-fei-dian coast is a barrier and lagoon system in the north Bohai Bay. With the Mastersizer 2000, grain-size data of 170 submarine surface sediments has been obtained. With the software of GRADISTAT and simple calculation through EXCEL, the composition of sand, silt, and clay of each sample was taken. Based on the spatial interpolation function of ArcGIS to use the tool of Spatial Analyst-Interpolate to Raster, with the method of inverse distance weighted(IDW), three raster maps are generated automatically. Then, using the tool of ArcGIS-ArcToolBox-Map Algebra in ArcGIS as a single output map algebra, and based on the most frequently used Shepard classification of grain-size Triangular diagram for sand-silt-clay components, types and distribution of surface sediment in study area is produced with the conditional judgment. To examine the precision of the generated map, the results of actual and mapped classification for further 20 surface sediments have been compared. Among them, only 4 sediments located in the transition zone of different types show different classification. Obviously, this method has the relatively high accuracy and easy to be applied.To determine the influences on the result of the generated map by different spatial interpolation methods, two other methods, Kriging and Spline are applied as well. Consequently, among 20 comparison sediments, 14 are located in the different classification under Kriging method, and 13 are different under Spline method. Apparently, IDW is a reasonable method.However, due to the intrinsic shortcomings of IDW, there are some problems in the generated map, which has been shown by the 4 mistakenly classified sediments. Taking the advantage of the traditional man-made method, 3D TIN model has been used to improve the above map. Finally, the method to combine the geomorphology analyses and the raster overlay of GIS has been developed and used, the types and distribution of surface sediment map is generated precisely. |
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| Keywords: | types and distributions of surface sediments map spatial interpolation raster overlay geomorphology analyses |
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