Third world cities and the environment of poverty |
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| Authors: | Jorge E Hardoy David Satterthwaite |
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| Institution: | 1. Director, Human Settlements Programme, International Institute for Environment and Development (IIED) and Fellow of the Centro de Estudios Urbanos y Regionales in Buenos Aires, Argentina;2. IIED Human Settlements Programme, 10 Percy Street, London W1P 0DR, U.K. |
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| Abstract: | This paper examines environmental problems associated with Third World cities. It concentrates on environmental problems as they relate to health and living conditions, especially for lower income groups. After an outline of urban growth trends, these problems are discussed on three different geographic scales. At the regional level, the paper discusses how cities draw on a wider area for natural resources (and usually for labour) and have environmental impacts which stretch far beyond their boundaries, although the most pressing impacts tend to be on their immediate hinterland. At the city-wide level there are problems of disposing of household, human and industrial wastes and of associated problems of air and water pollution. At the level of the home or workplace there are problems of inadequate space and ventilation, inadequate infrastructure and basic services, and lack of provision for the safeguarding of human health. The final section discusses how governments might tackle the causes of these environmental problems on each of these scales. |
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