GEO-REFERENCING WITHOUT GROUND CONTROL |
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| Authors: | Friedrich Ackermann Professor |
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| Institution: | Friedrich Ackermann,Professor,Institute of Photogrammetry,University of Stuttgart,Keplerstrasse 11,D-70174 Stuttgart 1,Germany |
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| Abstract: | A geo-reference is a global or regional geographical or geodetic coordinate system to which sensors or spatial object data are related. Hence, geo-ref-erencing is close to the well known photogrammetric concept of exterior or absolute orientation , the common execution of which is indirect, via the use of ground control points. GPS and INS technologies have changed the situation, permitting direct measurement of position and attitude parameters and making exterior orientation feasible without ground control at all, in principle. The analysis of accuracy and reliability performance discloses, however, that especially INS does not yet meet the high demands of photogrammetry. Moreover, control of systematic errors , the problem of datum transformation, and reliability conditions make the use of some ground control points still mandatory, at least for any high performance geo-referencing. |
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| Keywords: | geo-referencing ground control |
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