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Accurately measuring volcanic plume velocity with multiple UV spectrometers |
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| Authors: | Glyn Williams-Jones Keith A Horton Tamar Elias Harold Garbeil Peter J Mouginis-Mark A Jeff Sutton Andrew J L Harris |
| Institution: | (1) Department of Earth Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, British Columbia, V5A 1S6, Canada;(2) Hawaii Institute of Geophysics and Planetology, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 1680 East-West Rd., Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA;(3) U. S. Geological Survey, Hawaiian Volcano Observatory, Hawaii National Park, P.O. Box 51, 51 Crater Rim Drive, Hawaii, 96718-0051, USA |
| Abstract: | A fundamental problem with all ground-based remotely sensed measurements of volcanic gas flux is the difficulty in accurately measuring the velocity of the gas plume. Since a representative wind speed and direction are used as proxies for the actual plume velocity, there can be considerable uncertainty in reported gas flux values. Here we present a method that uses at least two time-synchronized simultaneously recording UV spectrometers (FLYSPECs) placed a known distance apart. By analyzing the time varying structure of SO2 concentration signals at each instrument, the plume velocity can accurately be determined. Experiments were conducted on Kīlauea (USA) and Masaya (Nicaragua) volcanoes in March and August 2003 at plume velocities between 1 and 10 m s−1. Concurrent ground-based anemometer measurements differed from FLYSPEC-measured plume speeds by up to 320%. This multi-spectrometer method allows for the accurate remote measurement of plume velocity and can therefore greatly improve the precision of volcanic or industrial gas flux measurements. Editorial responsibility: A. Woods |
| Keywords: | FLYSPEC Plume velocity Volcanic emissions Ultraviolet correlation spectrometer |
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