Numerical simulation of breaking waves by a multi-scale turbulence model |
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| Institution: | 1. Center for Applied Coastal Research, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA;2. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sydney University, Sydney 2006, Australia;3. Department of Civil Engineering, Saitama University, Urawa, Saitama 338-8570, Japan;1. Wind Energy Research Center, University of Wyoming, 1000 E. University Avenue, Laramie, WY 82071, USA;2. Fluid Dynamics Department, Institute of High Performance Computing, 1 Fusionopolis Way, #16-16 Connexis, Singapore 138632, Singapore;3. Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, CA 94550, USA;1. Institute of Fluid Dynamics and Ship Theory, Hamburg University of Technology, 21073 Hamburg, Germany;2. Dynamics Group, Hamburg University of Technology, 21073 Hamburg, Germany;3. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom;4. Centre for Ocean Engineering Science and Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia;1. Department of Thermal Science and Energy Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China;2. School of Automotive and Transportation Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China;3. School of Mechatronics Engineering, Chizhou University, Chizhou 247000, China |
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| Abstract: | In this paper, a two-dimensional multi-scale turbulence model is proposed to study breaking waves. The purpose of developing this model is to produce a relatively accurate model with moderate computer requirements. The free surface is tracked by the VOF technique, the log-law profile for the mean velocity is applied at the bottom. Comparing with the Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes models (RANS), the present model shows improving agreement with experimental measurements in terms of surface elevations, particle velocities, wave height distributions and undertow profiles. The subgrid scale (SGS) turbulent transport mechanism is also discussed in the paper. It is found that turbulent production and dissipation are of the same order, but turbulent production is primarily located at the wavefront and above the wave trough, whereas turbulent dissipation is primarily located at the back face of a wave, indicating that in these regions, the assumption of equilibrium is not correct. Below the trough level, the local equilibrium assumption is reasonable. Turbulent convection and diffusion are of the same order at the trough level. Above the trough level, turbulent convection dominates. Under the spilling breaking wave, turbulent kinetic energy is continue to dissipate in the bore region, whereas under the plunging breaking wave, the turbulent kinetic energy is dissipated very rapidly within one wave period. |
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