| 新疆精(河)-伊(宁)铁路沿线雪害形成机制及其防治工程措施 |
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| 引用本文： | 高卫东,刘明哲,魏文寿,徐贵青.新疆精(河)-伊(宁)铁路沿线雪害形成机制及其防治工程措施[J].山地学报,2005,23(1):43-52. |
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| 作者姓名： | 高卫东 刘明哲 魏文寿 徐贵青 |
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| 作者单位： | 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所,新疆,乌鲁木齐,830011;中国科学院研究生院,北京,10039;中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所,新疆,乌鲁木齐,830011;中国气象局乌鲁木齐沙漠气象研究所,新疆,乌鲁木齐,830002 |
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| 基金项目： | 科技部重点基础前期专项(2002CCA046000)资助。~~ |
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| 摘 要： | 天山西部的降雪丰富，伊犁河流域年最大雪深普遍超过60crn，中国科学院天山积雪与雪崩研究站和伊犁的最大雪深分别高达152crn和89cm。因此，天山西部山区风吹雪和雪崩灾害较多，严重影响着当地的交通安全。新疆精(河)-伊(宁)铁路经过的缓坡丘陵区是风吹雪灾害多发区，崇山峻岭区是雪崩灾害多发区。通过对铁路沿线的气象要素进行分析与推算，结果表明，该地区的最大风速平均值14．0m／s，30a-遇的最大风速与最大积雪深度分别为20．3m／S和160cm；平均冬季降水量153．2mm，为风吹雪灾害的发生提供了物质与动力条件。在风吹雪多发区，风吹雪的主要危害类型是路堑型风吹雪沉积，其次为低路堤型风吹雪沉积等。经过野外考察和室内分析，基本上查清了精(河)一伊(宁)铁路沿线风吹雪的发生与分布规律，并且针对性地提出了铁路在雪害多发区的设计原则和雪害防治方法。认为路堤防风吹雪的适宜高度为200～1500cm，路堤若低于200cm，路面上易发生风吹雪沉积；若路堤的边坡较陡，则路面上不易发生风吹雪沉积；路堑边坡的角度越小，路堑越深，路堑走向与主导风向的夹角越小，风吹雪沉积越不易发生；风吹雪的防治应以防风吹雪走廊和下导风板为主，并辅以侧导板、挡雪墙等工程。精-伊铁路雪崩灾害主要发生在崇山峻岭区，主要类型为坡面雪崩和坡面沟槽雪崩。阳坡雪崩多发生在降雪季节，雪崩危害相对较少；阴坡积雪不易融化，雪崩危害大。阴坡雪崩在整个冬季从开始下雪直到次年春季积雪融化以前都可发生，危害时期长。在雪崩灾害的多发区，铁路选线时明线工程最好能选在阳坡，永久性建筑物或设施要尽量避开沟槽雪崩的运动区和堆积区；铁路线横穿河流处，桥梁的桥墩和铁路延伸线一定要避开沟槽雪崩的运动区和堆积区，尽量选在两雪崩之间的山梁或山脊处，隧道出入口也要选在突出的山嘴或山梁等正地貌部位。在其他条件允许的情况下，线路应尽量向坡面的上部抬升。精一伊铁路沿线雪崩灾害治理原则：在所有的隧道出入口，隧道再向外延伸3m，上方再修建导雪堤，可保隧道口的安全；在工程建设过程中，要求尽量少地破坏铁路两侧的植被，特别是树林和灌木。
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| 关 键 词： | 精(河)-伊(宁)铁路 天山 风吹雪 雪崩 防治工程 |
The Occurrence and Mitigation of Drifting Snow and Avalanche Hazard in the Mountains along the Jinghe-Yining Railway, Tianshan, China |
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| GAO Weidon,Liu Mingzhe,WEI Wenshou,XU Guiqing.The Occurrence and Mitigation of Drifting Snow and Avalanche Hazard in the Mountains along the Jinghe-Yining Railway, Tianshan, China[J].Journal of Mountain Research,2005,23(1):43-52. |
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| Authors: | GAO Weidon Liu Mingzhe WEI Wenshou XU Guiqing |
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| Institution: | GAO Weidong~ |
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| Abstract: | In this paper, the meteorological factors along the Jinghe-Yining Railway are estimated and analyzed. After carrying out the field investigations and the laboratory analyses, the principles of designing the railways in the regions where snow disasters occur frequently, and of preventing and controlling measures of snow disasters, are put forward. It is considered that the suitable height of the railway embankment is in a range of 200～ 1 500 cm. If the embankment is lower than 200 cm, the deposition of drifting snow is easy to occur on the railway; the drifting snow deposition may not occur if the embankment slope is steep, the slope of the cuts is gentle, the cuts are deep, and the angle between the cutting alignment and the prevailing wind direction is small. It is suggested fences secondarily using corridors and lower wind-guiding boards mainly, and with side wind-guiding boards, snow-catching. In the regions where the avalanche disasters occur frequently, it is suggested to build the open railway sections on the south side of hills. The permanent buildings and facilities should be built away from the movement and deposition areas of avalanches. The principles of preventing and controlling the avalanche disasters along Railway are to elongate the tunnel fronts for about 3 m and to build the avalanche-guiding dikes at the upper side of the tunnels so as to ensure the safety of the tunnel fronts. During construction of the project, the vegetation along both sides of the railway, especially the trees and shrubbery, should be protected as far as possible. |
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| Keywords: | Jinghe-Yining Railway drifting snow disaster avalanche disaster mitigation the Tianshan Mountains |
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