|
|||||
|
|
| 绿洲演变及其调控因素初析 | |
| 引用本文： | 穆桂金,刘嘉麒.绿洲演变及其调控因素初析[J].第四纪研究,2000,20(6):539-547. |
| 作者姓名： | 穆桂金 刘嘉麒 |
| 作者单位： | 1. 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所,乌鲁木齐,830011 2. 中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所,北京,100029 |
| 基金项目： | 科技部科研项目，G1999043502， |
| 摘 要： | 绿洲是荒漠区适宜多种生物共同生息繁衍的地域。它通过人为干扰、气候波动和构造活动等因素的变化调控而发生演变。构造活动对绿洲演变的影响具有空间差异性和时间滞后性；气候波动则表现为区域相对一致性, 随时间发展的渐变性和过程的复杂性；人为干扰无论是空间上还是时段上都有很强的局限性, 但其发展迅速和时空不稳定性(社会原因)成为影响绿洲演变的调控因素, 同时也是人工干预绿洲演变, 实施永序管理的重要途径。 |
| 关 键 词： | 绿洲演变 人为干扰 气候波动 构造活动 |
| 收稿时间： | 2000-08-21 |
| 修稿时间： | 2000年8月21日 |
AN ANALYSIS OF THE OASIS EVOLUTION AND ITS CONTROL FACTORS |
|
| Mu Guijin,Liu Jiaqi.AN ANALYSIS OF THE OASIS EVOLUTION AND ITS CONTROL FACTORS[J].Quaternary Sciences,2000,20(6):539-547. | |
| Authors: | Mu Guijin Liu Jiaqi |
| Institution: | 1. Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Uriimqi 830011; 2. Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029 |
| Abstract: | Oasis is an optimum geographic section for multi-life-forms to live and propagate together in the desert region. Existence of an oasis represents a homeostasis among the sufficient conditions and necessary conditions forming the oasis. The sufficient conditions include the geology, geomorphology, climate and others. Geologic condition indicates the materials for soil development, the ground-water state and tectonic environment. Geomorphologic condition controls the space for oasis development. Climate condition mainly includes temperature and precipitation. Temperature is the key factor to the life-forms, and precipitation influences the state of the life-forms. The necessary conditions are water and soil. Water is the blood of the oasis, and soil is the mother materials of the oasis. Anyhow, life-forms are the main body of the oasis. During the oasis evolution the factors that bring changes of the conditions for oasis formation, and conduce changes of the structures, functions or space position of the oasis, are the control factors on the oasis evolution. Obviously the sufficient and necessary conditions are the interior factors shaping the characteristics of the oasis, control the stability, and keep the balance. When the control factors are the exterior factors, they will induce the evolution of the oasis. The main control factors are human disturbance, climatic oscillation and tectonic movement. Behavior of human activities influences the oasis evolution in the following three ways: 1st is the behavior of great engineering projects, including water conservation engineering, maybe zoological engineering which contains much higher technology in the near future. It is the engineering that makes man-made oasis go far beyond the original oasis in multiple directions, and makes oasis bearing the characteristics of overlapping geomorphologic units. 2nd is the behavior of cosmically using resources, including the use of water, land, bio-resources, minerals and energy resources. Use of water, land and bio-resources certainly influences the structure and the function of the oasis. And exploitation of mineral and energy resources doubtlessly damages the environment at some part of the oasis. 3rd is the social behavior, including: (1) piloting of social ideology (such as on environmental consciousness); (2)restriction of policies, rules and laws on the social economies and production activities;(3) guiding of the direction of economic development and various substance flows. The characteristics of human-disturbed oasis evolution are bound both at the time and space, and inconsistent on the landscape, but rapid and forceful in occurrence. The characteristics of climatic oscillation are relative consistency at a broad region and complexity in the process. The complexity is from the difference of functions among each climatic factor on the oasis evolution, and different result from different climatic pattern (such as cold／dry, cold／wet, warm／dry, warm／wet), and additional influence of the climatic response at the river source region. There are probably multiple variations of reaction of the oasis evolution to climatic oscillation. Influence of climatic oscillation on oasis is related to changing range and sustaining time of the climatic change. Transformation of oasis occurs when a large range oscillation appears no matter how long the duration is, but requires a long period when a small range oscillation occurs. Results of climatic change influencing on the oasis are shown mainly at the tail courses of the rivers and terminal lake regions. Tectonic movement has an influence on oasis by changing the distribution of the resources supply system. The characteristics with regional difference, shown by function property, influence strength and the starting and ending time. In terms of time, the process of tectonic influence behaves with a lag and tardiness. |
| Keywords: | oasis evolution human disturbance climatic oscillation tectonic movemen |
| 本文献已被 CNKI 维普 万方数据 等数据库收录！ | |
| 点击此处可从《第四纪研究》浏览原始摘要信息 | |
| 点击此处可从《第四纪研究》下载免费的PDF全文 | |