Quaternary reactivation of flexural-slip folds by diapiric activity: example from the western Ebro Basin (Spain) |
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| Authors: | A M Casas I Gil B Leránoz H Millán L Simón |
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| Institution: | (1) Departamento de Geologia, Facultad de Ciencias, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain |
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| Abstract: | In the western sector of the Ebro Basin two types of structures deform the Quaternary terraces and pediments developed by the Ebro River and its tributaries: (1) folds up to 10 km long in the lower levels of fluvial terraces and (2) normal listric faults that produce tilting and rollover anticlines of the Quaternary deposits. Both types of structures are linked to the geometrical and lithological features of the Tertiary beds that underlie the Quaternary deposits. Quaternary folds, whose axes are parallel to the strike of the Tertiary beds, are the result of reactivation of Tertiary large-scale (60 km long) folds due to diapirism of their gypsum cores, where the gypsum units reach a maximum thickness of 3 000 m. This reactivation produced flexural-slip in some beds on the limbs of the folds, bringing about the folding of the overlying Quaternary terraces. The mechanism of Quaternary folding involves layer-parallel shear in alternating Tertiary units and folding linked to detachments and reverse layer-parallel faults. Normal listric faults are widespread throughout the studied area. They are partly parallel to low dipping Tertiary beds and are the result of a NNE-SSW tectonic extension, compatible with minor structures and focal mechanisms of recent earthquakes. The relationship between the two kinds of Quaternary structures indicates that diapirism of the gypsum cores of the anticlines was activated by extensional tectonics. |
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| Keywords: | Neotectonics Quaternary Flexural-slip Fold reactivation Diapirism Ebro Basin Spain |
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