| 上地幔高导层与内生金属矿产及油气藏的关系 |
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| 引用本文： | 钟清,方慧,杨辟元,李立,袁永真,裴发根.上地幔高导层与内生金属矿产及油气藏的关系[J].地球物理学报,2015,58(6):2160-2176. |
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| 作者姓名： | 钟清 方慧 杨辟元 李立 袁永真 裴发根 |
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| 作者单位： | 1. 中国地质科学院地球物理地球化学勘查研究所, 河北廊坊 065000;2. 国土资源部地球物理电磁法探测技术重点实验室, 河北廊坊 065000 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家深部探测技术与实验研究专项(SinoProbe-01-04),中国地质调查局项目(1212011120971),国土资源部公益性行业科研专项(200811039)联合资助. |
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| 摘 要： | 依据大地电磁测深所发现的上地幔高导层顶面深度可以给出大陆岩石圈-软流圈界面(LAB)的空间发育特征,为认识岩石圈结构及壳幔相互作用等提供重要信息.本文在1996年编制的中国大陆上地幔高导层顶面深度图的基础上,补充了1995—2010年大地电磁测深结果和大地热流数据,以1°×1°网度编制了新的中国大陆上地幔高导层顶面深度图.我国上地幔高导层顶面深度变化很大,具有南北分带,东西分块的特征,呈东浅、西深、北浅、南深的格局,从最浅的50~60km到最深的230km,平均深度为100~120km.据上地幔高导层顶面分布形态,全国共可划分出27个隆起区.通过与中国已知内生金属矿产和油气田的分布对比,发现我国大陆80%以上中生代内生金属矿床分布在上地幔高导层隆起带或其梯度带上方.中国大陆东部含油气盆地主体对应上地幔隆起区,油气田多位于隆起区上方或其边部的过渡带上;西部主体位于幔坳区,主要油气田对应盆地中心的幔坳向周边幔隆过渡的梯度带上;中部表现为仅盆地腹地对应幔坳,盆地周边对应规模较大的上地幔隆起带,主要油气田位于隆起带.总的来看内生金属矿床一般分布在上地幔隆起区靠近造山带一侧,而油气田一般分布在上地幔隆起区靠近盆地一侧.软流圈的不断上隆,造成岩石圈减薄、拉张,张性断裂的出现成为地球深部物质和热量向地壳上部运移的有利通道,为内生金属矿产的形成提供了成矿物质和能量保障,也为含油气盆地带来了生烃催化剂、热能和无机成因的石油与天然气.地球深部超临界流体的存在对上地幔高导层的形成、成矿物质运移可能发挥了重要作用.
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| 关 键 词： | 大地电磁测深 上地幔高导层 电性岩石圈 内生金属矿床 油气藏 |
| 收稿时间： | 2014-02-20 |
The relationship between high conductive layer in upper mantle and endogenous metallic ore and petroleum reservoir |
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| ZHONG Qing,FANG Hui,YANG Pi-Yuan,LI Li,YUAN Yong-Zhen,PEI Fa-Gen.The relationship between high conductive layer in upper mantle and endogenous metallic ore and petroleum reservoir[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2015,58(6):2160-2176. |
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| Authors: | ZHONG Qing FANG Hui YANG Pi-Yuan LI Li YUAN Yong-Zhen PEI Fa-Gen |
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| Institution: | 1. The Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration (IGGE), Langfang Hebei 065000, China;2. The Geophysical Electromagnetic Detection Technology Key Laboratory of Ministry of Land and Resources, Langfang Hebei 065000, China |
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| Abstract: | The boundary between lithosphere and asthenosphere is called the lithosphere asthenosphere boundary (LAB), which is one of the most important interfaces of earth layer structure. The internal structure of continental lithosphere of China is very complex after a long evolution. Studies on the structure and properties of LAB of the continental lithosphere can provide important information for understanding the structure of lithosphere and crust mantle interaction. According to the upper mantle high conductive layers based on the magnetotelluric sounding results, the spatial distribution of electric lithospheric LAB can be given. However most scholars are concentrated in a certain area by now, there are only few studies on the overall development status and distribution of the high conductive layers in the upper mantle of continental lithosphere of China.#br#According to the magnetotelluric sounding survey results of China before 1994, one of the authors of this paper Li Li had compiled the top surface depth map of high conductive layer in the upper mantle of continental lithosphere of China to analyze the electrical characteristics of the continental lithosphere of China. Based on this work, we add the results of high conductive layers in the upper mantle from 1995 to 2010, including the inversion results of magnetotelluric sounding data from our field works and publications, and the depth in the upper mantle from the heat flow data in the gap zones. For a 1 by 1 degree network, we calculate the average depth of the grid data of all upper mantle high conductive layers, then finish the new top surface depth map of the upper mantle high conductive layers of China.#br#The depth of the upper mantle high conductive layers changes greatly in China, it appears as zones in northern-southern direction, and blocks in eastern-western direction. Overall, in the northern and eastern China the depths of upper mantle high conductive layers are relatively shallow, and in the southern and western China are relatively deep. The shallowest place is located in Songliao basin, about 50~60 km, the deepest place is located at Changsha-Guilin belt, about 230 km, and the average depth of upper mantle high conductive layers is about 100~120 km. According to the distribution of upper mantle high conductive layers, Chinese continent can be divided into 27 uplift units, the top surface depth map of upper mantle high conductive layers reflects the overall characteristics of the lithospheric thickness in Chinese continent. Comparing its distribution and the distribution of metallic ore, oil and gas fields in China, we have found that there are great correlations between the distribution of Mesozoic endogenous metallic ore deposit and the upper mantle high conductive layers uplift and depression pattern in China, about 80% of the metallic ore deposit are located in the upper mantle high conductive layers uplift areas. In eastern China, most of the petroliferous basins are located in the upper mantle high conductive layers areas, and most of the oil and gas field are above the uplift area or on the transitional zones of the edge; In Western China, most of the petroliferous basins are located in the mantle depression areas, the main oil and gas fields are located in the gradient belt of the transition areas; In Central China, only the interior of petroliferous basins are corresponding to the mantle depression areas, oil and gas fields are mainly located in the uplift areas. In general, there are space correlations between the distribution of endogenous metal ore deposit or the distribution of oil and gas fields and the asthenosphere upwelling areas, most of the endogenous metal ore deposits are distributed in the side of the upper mantle uplift area close to the orogenic belt, while most of the oil and gas fields are distributed in the upper mantle uplift near the basin side, formed "metallic ore surrounding petroleum" pattern in the space.#br#The extensional faults generated by the uplift of the upper mantle high conductive layers is the main passageway of earth interior material and energy migrating to the upper crust, not only provided ore-forming materials and energy for the formation of endogenous metal mineral deposit, but also brought the catalyst for hydrocarbon generation, heat, inorganic oil and gas for petroliferous basin. The existence of supercritical fluid in deep earth may play an important role for the formation of upper mantle conductive layers and ore-forming material migration. |
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| Keywords: | Magnetotelluric sounding High conductive layers in upper mantle Electric lithosphere Endogenous metallic ore Petroleum reservoir |
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