| 基于地震成像数据稀疏反演的不连续及非均质地质体检测方法 |
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| 引用本文： | 赵惊涛,于彩霞,彭苏萍,马德波,李明,张研.基于地震成像数据稀疏反演的不连续及非均质地质体检测方法[J].地球物理学报,2016,59(9):3408-3416. |
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| 作者姓名： | 赵惊涛 于彩霞 彭苏萍 马德波 李明 张研 |
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| 作者单位： | 1. 中国矿业大学(北京) 煤炭资源与安全开采国家重点实验室, 北京 100083;
2. 中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所, 中国科学院油气资源研究重点实验室, 北京 100029;
3. 中国石油天然气股份有限公司勘探开发研究院, 北京 100083 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家重点研发计划课题（2016YFC0501102）、国家科技重大专项课题（2016ZX05066-001）、国家自然基金煤炭联合项目（U1261203）和山西自然基金项目（2013012001）联合资助. |
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| 摘 要： | 本文针对油气藏储层预测中的不连续及非均质地质信息识别问题,研究基于地震成像数据的稀疏反演方法.由于该类地质体的地震响应特征为弱信号,因此利用平面波破坏滤波器由地震成像数据中去除强反射同相轴.在此基础上,对剩余的地震数据进行非线性加强滤波,并构建L1稀疏反演模型.为有效求解L1模型,采用非光滑泛函L1范数逼近和拟牛顿求解算法.该方法考虑稀疏先验信息,能够提高反演结果信噪比.缝洞模型测试验证该方法在检测断点、微断裂、散射点等小尺度地质体上的有效性,塔北缝洞型碳酸盐岩储层预测的应用效果进一步证实该方法的实用性.
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| 关 键 词： | 平面波破坏 非线性加强滤波 地震稀疏反演方法 不连续及非均质地质体 |
| 收稿时间： | 2014-11-16 |
Seismic sparse inversion method implemented on image data for detecting discontinuous and inhomogeneous geological features |
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| ZHAO Jing-Tao,YU Cai-Xia,PENG Su-Ping,MA De-Bo,LI Ming,ZHANG Yan.Seismic sparse inversion method implemented on image data for detecting discontinuous and inhomogeneous geological features[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2016,59(9):3408-3416. |
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| Authors: | ZHAO Jing-Tao YU Cai-Xia PENG Su-Ping MA De-Bo LI Ming ZHANG Yan |
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| Institution: | 1. State Key Laboratory of Coal Resources and Safe Mining, China University of Mining and Technology(Beijing), Beijing 100083, China;
2. Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China;
3. Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration & Development, Petro China, Beijing 100083, China |
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| Abstract: | The small-scale discontinuous and inhomogeneous geological features, such as tiny faults, cavities and fractures, play an important role in reservoir analysis. However, to effectively identify them from seismic data is a challenging problem because of their weaker energy than reflections. On the other hand, the seismic responses of these small-scale bodies are generally contaminated with noises, which can make their analysis difficult to perform if there is no proper strategy adopted for removing noises. By combining a non-linear filter and sparsity-constraint model, a seismic extraction method implemented on seismic image data is developed for inverting these discontinuous and inhomogeneous geological bodies.
The core of extracting discontinuous and inhomogeneous information lies in removing strong reflections and noises. The plane-wave destruction method uses the local plane-wave model to represent seismic structures and thus is appropriate for estimating reflections. Through subtracting the predicted reflections from seismic image data, the residual containing discontinuous and inhomogeneous information and noises are obtained. Considering the sparsity property of these small-scale geological features, an L2-L1 norm model is built using a nonlinear filter for promoting the inversion signal-to-noise ratio of discontinuous and inhomogeneous information. In order to guarantee the computation efficiency in solving this sparsity model, an L1 norm approximation scheme and a quasi-Newton algorithm are introduced.
A numerical experiment is designed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method in extracting small-scale discontinuous and inhomogeneous geologies. The used cavity-fracture model is composed of fractures, faults and cavities. The obvious geological targets are four series of cavities in the shallow part and three series of cavities in the deep part. Using the proposed sparse inversion method, a profile with reflections eliminated and noises destroyed is obtained and the edges, faults, fractures and cavities are completely resolved. In field application, a carbonate reservoir analysis is performed. The three-dimensional pre-stack time migration profile can clearly display large-scale layers but exposes a failure in describing discontinuous and inhomogeneous geologic features. Although coherency techniques can reveal discontinuous information, the small-scale tiny faults, fractures and cavities are beyond its detection. The proposed method succeeds in clarifying and locating these small-scale geologies. The attribute analysis based on seismic spares inversion data also provides a reference about the planer distribution of the small-scale discontinuous and inhomogeneous geologies.
Resorting to the sparsity-constraint model, a seismic inversion method performed on image data is proposed for extracting small-scale discontinuous and inhomogeneous geologies. The method can achieve high-resolution information by removing the interference of reflections and the elimination of noises. In method application, seismic discontinuous and inhomogeneous structures are required to be completely imaged. Otherwise, a further velocity analysis is needed. As an end, we suggest future research on individually extracting discontinuity and inhomogeneity, especially for carbonate reservoirs research. |
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| Keywords: | Plane-wave destruction Nonlinear enhancing filter Seismic sparse inversion method Discontinuity and inhomogeneity |
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