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The crystal chemistry of a naturally occurring magnesium hydroxide sulfate hydrate,a precipitate of heated seawater

Authors:	Michael F Hochella Keith D Keefer Bernard HWS deJong

Institution:	SP-FR-18, Corning Glass Works, Corning, New York 14831, USA;Ceramic Development Division 1845, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, USA;Smitweld bv, P.O. Box 253, 6500 AG Nijmegen, The Netherlands

Abstract:	The crystal chemistry of a naturally occurring magnesium hydroxide sulfate hydrate, $MgSO_{4} · 13 Mg(OH_{2}) · 13 H_{2} O$ (designated MHSH( $23$ )), and a number of existing and predicted compounds which are structurally related to MHSH( $23$ ) are discussed. An x-ray diffraction powder pattern for MHSH( $23$ ) is calculated from single crystal data to aid in the identification of this phase, recently found associated with active hydrothermal vents along the East Pacific Rise. It is suggested that this MHSH-type crystal structure can have a variable composition due to a novel chemical substitution, Mg²⁺ → 2 H⁺, which this particular structure may be able to accommodate. In relation to this, a method for determining the stoichiometry of MHSH crystals via density measurements is also proposed. Finally, the leaching properties of heated seawater, instrumental in the genesis of metalliferous deposits on the sea-floor, may be due in part to the growth of MHSH-type phases in certain seawater-rock systems.

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