The chemistry of geothermal waters in Iceland. II. Mineral equilibria and independent variables controlling water compositions |
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| Authors: | Stefán Arnórsson Einar Gunnlaugsson Hördur Svavarsson |
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| Institution: | Science Institute, University of Iceland, Dunhagi 3, ReykjavíkIceland;National Energy Authority, Grensásvegur 9, ReykjavíkIceland |
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| Abstract: | The major element chemistry of Icelandic geothermal waters is predictable provided two parameters are known. This follows from an attainment of, or a close approach to, an overall chemical equilibrium in the geothermal systems at temperatures as low as 50°C. It is considered that the geothermal system composition, temperature and kinetic factors determine which alteration minerals form. The system composition is not so much fixed by rock composition as by the rate of leaching of the various constituents from the fresh rock and the composition of inflowing water. The water chemistry is determined by the system composition and the external variables acting on the system. They include temperature and the mobility of chloride. Pressure, which theoretically should be regarded as an external variable, has insignificant effect on water compositions in the range (1–200 bars) occurring in the geothermal systems. |
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