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European Venus Explorer (EVE): an in-situ mission to Venus |
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| Authors: | E Chassefière O Korablev T Imamura K H Baines C F Wilson D V Titov K L Aplin T Balint J E Blamont C G Cochrane Cs Ferencz F Ferri M Gerasimov J J Leitner J Lopez-Moreno B Marty M Martynov S V Pogrebenko A Rodin J A Whiteway L V Zasova J Michaud R Bertrand J-M Charbonnier D Carbonne P Raizonville |
| Institution: | 1. Service d’Aéronomie/IPSL, UPMC University. CNRS, UVSQ, Paris, France 2. Space Research Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia 3. Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Chōfu, Japan 4. Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA 5. Oxford University, Oxford, UK 6. Max Planck Institute for Solar System Studies, Lindau, Germany 7. Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Oxfordshire, UK 8. Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales, Paris, France 9. Imperial College London, London, UK 10. E?tv?s University, Budapest, Hungary 11. University of Padova, Padua, Italy 12. University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria 13. Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía, Andalusia, Spain 14. Centre de Recherches Pétrographiques et Géochimiques, Nancy, France 15. Lavochkin Association, Moscow, Russia 16. Joint Institute for VLBI in Europe, Dwingeloo, The Netherlands 17. Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Moscow, Russia 18. York University, Toronto, Canada |
| Abstract: | The European Venus Explorer (EVE) mission was proposed to the European Space Agency in 2007, as an M-class mission under the Cosmic Vision Programme. Although it has not been chosen in the 2007 selection round for programmatic reasons, the EVE mission may serve as a useful reference point for future missions, so it is described here. It consists of one balloon platform floating at an altitude of 50–60 km, one descent probe provided by Russia, and an orbiter with a polar orbit which will relay data from the balloon and descent probe, and perform science observations. The balloon type preferred for scientific goals is one which oscillates in altitude through the cloud deck. To achieve this flight profile, the balloon envelope contains a phase change fluid, which results in a flight profile which oscillates in height. The nominal balloon lifetime is 7 days—enough for one full circumnavigation of the planet. The descent probe’s fall through the atmosphere takes 60 min, followed by 30 min of operation on the surface. The key measurement objectives of EVE are: (1) in situ measurement from the balloon of noble gas abundances and stable isotope ratios, to study the record of the evolution of Venus; (2) in situ balloon-borne measurement of cloud particle and gas composition, and their spatial variation, to understand the complex cloud-level chemistry; (3) in situ measurements of environmental parameters and winds (from tracking of the balloon) for one rotation around the planet, to understand atmospheric dynamics and radiative balance in this crucial region. The portfolio of key measurements is complemented by the Russian descent probe, which enables the investigation of the deep atmosphere and surface. |
| Keywords: | Planets and satellites Venus Planets and satellites Formation Radiative transfer Hydrodynamics Balloons Space vehicles Instruments |
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