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成都平原马街遗址古洪水事件遗存考古发现与研究
引用本文:朱诚,徐佳佳,黄明,杨占风,张娜,江章华,白铁勇,陆福志.成都平原马街遗址古洪水事件遗存考古发现与研究[J].地学前缘,2021,28(2):181-201.
作者姓名:朱诚  徐佳佳  黄明  杨占风  张娜  江章华  白铁勇  陆福志
作者单位:南京大学地理与海洋科学学院,江苏南京210023;成都文物考古研究所,四川成都610000
基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目(41371204);国家自然科学基金项目(41571179);国家自然科学基金项目(41401216);国家科技支撑计划项目(2013BAK08B02);黄土与第四纪地质国家重点实验室开放基金项目(SKLLQG1206);湖泊与环境国家重点实验室开放基金项目(2012SKL003)
摘    要:2014年5月,对四川成都郫县马街遗址古洪水事件做了调查,该遗址经度为103°55'39″E,纬度为30°53'37.1″N,遗址海拔为黄海高程499.758 m,遗址的2014CPMT1-T2探方中有古代生长在地下的树根1处、冲刷带来的独木舟1处、古树干9处。经光学方法鉴定,其中的古树根和古树木主要是秋枫树(Bischafia javanica)。这些木质沉积物平面倾向大都沿NW-NE-SW平面沉积,反映出这些沉积物被水流冲来的方向主要是郫县西北都江堰地区。测得T1-T2探方树干2、3、5和木椽9这4个AMS14C年代数据年龄为(2 420±70)~(2 566±78)a BP,由于都江堰是战国时期太守李冰于公元前256年率众修建,从马街遗址T1-T2探方出土的古洪水木质沉积物年代分析看,其应是公元前405年—公元前551年都江堰工程尚未开始前的周代(公元前1122年—公元前256年)由古岷江洪水从北向南冲刷到此沉积所致。整个剖面锆石形态鉴定分析结果表明,随着深度的不同,其形态组成有所差异,尤其在约2.6~2.4 ka BP时段的锆石微形态组合中,浑圆柱状比例较大,而四方双锥所占比例略小,表明这段时期可能经历了洪水事件,其大量浑圆状锆石是经过长距离搬运到此的沉积物证据。

关 键 词:成都平原  马街遗址  古洪水事件  考古遗存  宝墩文化
收稿时间:2020-05-21

Archaeological discoveries and research on the remains of an ancient flood event at the Majie Site in the Chengdu Plain
ZHU Cheng,XU Jiajia,HUANG Ming,YANG Zhanfeng,ZHANG Na,JIANG Zhanghua,BAI Tieyong,LU Fuzhi.Archaeological discoveries and research on the remains of an ancient flood event at the Majie Site in the Chengdu Plain[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2021,28(2):181-201.
Authors:ZHU Cheng  XU Jiajia  HUANG Ming  YANG Zhanfeng  ZHANG Na  JIANG Zhanghua  BAI Tieyong  LU Fuzhi
Institution:1. School of Geography and Marine Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China2. Chengdu Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology, Chengdu 610000, China
Abstract:We investigated an ancient flood event at the Majie site in Pixian County, Chengdu, Sichuan Province. The Majie site, first discovered in May, 2014, is located at 30°55'37.1″ N, 103°55'39″ E and has an elevation of 499.758 m. In the 2014CPMT1-T2 excavation section, we found ancient relics of an underground tree root system, a canoe brought by scouring, and nine tree trunks. The ancient tree relics were mainly ancient Chinese autumn maple (Bischafia javanica). Most of the woody sediments were deposited along the NW-NE-SW plane, indicating they were washed mainly from the direction of the Dujiangyan area of northwestern Pixian County. We determined the AMS14C ages of three tree trunks and a wood rafter to be (2420±70)-(2566±78) a BP. Since the Dujiangyan irrigation system was built by the Warring States period official Li Bing in 256 BC, the woody sediments at the Majie site should be the result of a southward ancient flooding of the Minjiang River in the Zhou Dynasty (1122-256 BC), before the construction of Dujiangyan. The results of zircon morphological identification and whole sectional analysis show that the morphological composition of zircon varied with burial depth, especially in the 2.6-2.4 ka BP detrital zircon populations, with larger proportion of round columnar zircon—evidence of long distance transport—and slightly smaller proportion of square biconical zircon, suggesting flooding events likely occurred during this period, and the detrital zircon had been transported to the Majie site area from afar.
Keywords:Chengdu Plain  Majie Site  ancient flood event  archaeological remains  Baodun Culture  
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