| 资源型城市景观生态风险的时空分异:以乌海市为例 |
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| 引用本文： | 李少玲,谢苗苗,李汉廷,王回茴,许萌,周伟.资源型城市景观生态风险的时空分异:以乌海市为例[J].地学前缘,2021,28(4):100-109. |
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| 作者姓名： | 李少玲 谢苗苗 李汉廷 王回茴 许萌 周伟 |
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| 作者单位： | 中国地质大学(北京)土地科学技术学院,北京 100083;中国地质大学(北京)土地科学技术学院,北京 100083;自然资源部土地整治重点实验室,北京 100035 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFC0504401) |
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| 摘 要： | 为探究大型露天煤矿开采对西北干旱荒漠区景观生态风险的影响,以及资源型城市转型背景下的时空动态,以资源衰退型的内蒙古自治区乌海市及周边县域为研究区,结合现有景观生态风险评价中的干扰度、脆弱度指标,增加受威胁指数来综合构建资源型城市景观生态风险评价框架。基于乌海市2005—2015年景观类型数据,从时间和空间上分析景观生态风险及其动态。结果显示:(1)2010—2015年景观类型之间转移相较于2005—2010年更剧烈,年变化强度分别为7.43%和3.44%,工矿用地与城市建设用地最活跃,但年增加强度减小。(2)林地、水域和湿地损失度先略增加后大幅度减小,其他土地和草地损失度呈增加趋势,工矿用地先减小后略增加;城市建设用地和工矿用地受威胁指数最大,其余类型的景观受威胁指数均有上升趋势,但其他土地、水域和湿地增加趋势逐渐减慢。(3)2005—2015年景观生态风险指数升高,空间分布总体呈西、中部高而南北低的格局,而不同等级风险区表现为低风险区由边缘向中心转移,而高风险区依托原有高风险区扩展。研究期风险区变化显著的是西部沙地高风险区,矿区东部其他土地因周围分布灌丛和草地,风险始终低于西部其他土地。根据不同风险等级中工矿用地的面积占比情况,将工矿用地占比控制在5%以内可达到控制总体景观生态风险的目的。研究为资源型城市通过合理的景观配置进行生态风险管控提供了依据。
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| 关 键 词： | 生态风险 受威胁指数 景观格局 土地利用 乌海市 |
| 收稿时间： | 2020-09-30 |
Spatio-temporal dynamics of landscape ecological risk in resource-based cities: A case study of Wuhai |
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| LI Shaoling,XIE Miaomiao,LI Hanting,WANG Huihui,XU Meng,ZHOU Wei.Spatio-temporal dynamics of landscape ecological risk in resource-based cities: A case study of Wuhai[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2021,28(4):100-109. |
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| Authors: | LI Shaoling XIE Miaomiao LI Hanting WANG Huihui XU Meng ZHOU Wei |
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| Institution: | 1. School of Land Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China2. Key Laboratory of Land Consolidation and Rehabilitation, Ministry of Natural Resources, Beijing 100035, China |
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| Abstract: | Large-scale open-pit coal mining has a great impact on the ecological environment. This paper aimed to study the impact of resource mining on landscape ecological risk in the arid desert areas of Northwest China and the spatio-temporal dynamics of such risk in the context of resource-based city transformation. We chose the resource-declining city, Wuhai, Inner Mongolia, and its surrounding areas as the study area. The threat index was added to the disturbance and vulnerability measures in assessing landscape ecological risk in order to develop a comprehensive risk assessment model for resource-based cities. The sequential variation and temporal distribution features of risk were analyzed using the 2005-2015 Wuhai landscape data. The results show: (1) The landscape change was greater between 2010-2015 than 2005-2010, and the annual change intensities were 7.43% and 3.44%, respectively, with most activities in industrial/mining and urban construction lands but with reduced annual intensity increase. (2) The degree of forest, water area and wetland losses worsened slightly initially then improved dramatically; other land and grassland losses increased while industrial/mining land use decreased first then increased slightly. On the other hand, the threat indexes of urban construction and industrial/ming lands were the highest. Other landscape types displayed an upward tendency, but the rise in “other land”, water area and wetland gradually slowed down. (3) From 2005-2015, the ecological risk index increased, and the risk level was higher in the west and middle than in the south and north. The low risk areas shifted from the edge to the center, while the high-risk area expanded from the original high-risk area. The change in the risk area during the study period is evident in the high-risk western sandy land, and the risk in other lands is always lower in the east than in the west of the mining area because of bush and grassland covers. Depending on the proportion of industrial/mining land use in different risk grades, risk management can be accomplished by controlling the proportion under 5%. The study provides a basis for ecological risk management in resource-based cities through proper land planning. |
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| Keywords: | ecological risk threat index landscape pattern land use Wuhai City |
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