Determination of inorganic ions and trace elements in total suspended particles at three urban zones in the Mexico City Metropolitan Area and one rural site |
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| Authors: | R García R Belmont H Padilla Ma del C Torres AP Baez |
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| Institution: | aCentro de Ciencias de la Atmósfera, Departamento de Ciencias Ambientales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán 04510, Mexico City, Mexico |
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| Abstract: | Inorganic ions and trace metals in total suspended particles were measured during the period 2006–2007 at four sites; three urban sites in the Mexico City Metropolitan Area (MCMA) and one nearby rural site in the state of Morelos. SO42−, NO3−, Cl− and NH4+ ions were analyzed by ion chromatography; Na+, K+, Ca2+ and Mg2+ by flame atomic absorption spectroscopy, and Al, Cd, Cr, Mn, Pb and V by an atomic absorption spectrometer with a graphite furnace attachment. The results indicated that SO42− was the most abundant ion. All trace elements except Mn and V showed statistically significant differences between sampling sites. Pearson's correlation applied to all data showed a high correlation among SO42−, NO3− and NH4+, indicating a common anthropogenic origin. In addition, the correlation observed between Ca2+ and Al indicated a crustal origin, as supported by the enrichment factors. Over the total sampling period, significant differences in particles and trace metals were found between sites and meteorological seasons. To gain a better insight into the origin of trace metals and major inorganic ions, a Principal Component Analysis was applied to the results for six trace metal and eight inorganic ions. |
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| Keywords: | Trace metals Inorganic ions Particles Emission sources Mexico |
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