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Effect of phenol on embryo development and expression of metallothionein in the sea urchin Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus |
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| Authors: | Un-Ki Hwang Ju-Wook Lee Hyang-Mi Ryu Ju-Chan Kang Han Seung Kang |
| Institution: | 1. Marine Ecological Risk Assessment Center, West Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Incheon, 22383, Korea 2. Department of Aquatic Life Medicine, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, Korea 3. MS BioLab, Daejeon, 34574, Korea |
| Abstract: | In this study, we identified and cloned the sea urchin Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus MT (Hp-MT) mRNA. We examined the gameto- and embryo-toxic effects and the expression of Hp-MT mRNA at various concentrations of phenol in H. pulcherrimus. We found that the normal embryogenesis rate was significantly inhibited when H. pulcherrimus was exposed to phenol (EC50 = 1565.86 ppb, 95% Cl = 1183.47-2037.84 ppb). The no observed effective concentration (NOEC) and the lowest observed effective concentration (LOEC) of the normal embryogenesis rate were < 10 ppb and 100 ppb, respectively. Hp-MT cDNA is 651 bp in length and encodes a protein of 64 amino acids. We found that the expression of Hp-MT mRNA was significantly increased with phenol treatment in a concentrationdependent manner. These results suggest that phenol at greater than 100 ppb has a toxic effect during the early embryonic stages of H. pulcherrimus, and MT mRNA may be used as a biomarker for risk assessment of phenol contamination. |
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