Design and costs for a system to reduce chloride levels in the Red River by shallow-well collection and deep-well disposal |
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| Authors: | T S Green B A Memon A F Patton M W Pitts |
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| Institution: | (1) P.E. LaMoreaux and Associates, PO Box 2310, Tuscaloosa, AL 35403, USA, US |
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| Abstract: | The Red River drains 242000 km2 with 90% of this area being downstream of discharges from naturally occurring brine seeps and springs. The upstream area
has been designated as a major chloride emission area in Texas and Oklahoma. Ten major brine source emission areas along the
tributaries to the Red River were identified by U.S. Public Health Service and U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. Eight of these
areas were deemed suitable for the control of brine emissions by structural methods including a ring dike to enclose brine
springs; low flow dams to capture and divert stream flows with high chloride content to evaporation lakes; and shallow aquifer
brine collection wells with a deep-well disposal system. Two adjacent emission areas, designated as Areas XIII and XIV, contribute
500 metric tons of salt per day to the Red River. These areas, along Jonah Creek and Salt Creek, tributaries to the Prairie
Dog Town Fork of the Red River were selected for investigation to control brine emission by utilization of shallow collection
wells and disposal by deep injection wells. Drilling programs and pumping tests were performed to determine the number and
location of shallow collection wells. Eighteen wells with 12 operating full time, will be located in the primary emission
areas. The collected brine will be conveyed through corrosion-resistant pipelines to a treatment facility for filtration at
a rate of 300 l/s. Additional pipelines will convey the filtered brine to deep injection wells for disposal. Nine deep wells
will be installed with seven operating full time. Design criteria for the project are 100-year life expectancy and automated
operation with minimum supervision and maintenance. The required minimum operating, maintenance and supervision coupled with
100-year life expectancy of the project added significantly to the estimated US $58 million capital cost of the project. However,
the reduction in annual cost for labor, repairs and replacement of the component of the system should result in a lower life
cycle cost. The estimated annual operating and maintenance cost is US $4.7 million.
Received: 5 May 1998 · Accepted: 30 June 1998 |
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| Keywords: | Natural brine emission control Deep-well injection Corrosion protection Red River Brine treatment |
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