| 青藏线客城区段沙害成因与防治途径的研究 |
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| 引用本文： | 于云江,鲁春霞.青藏线客城区段沙害成因与防治途径的研究[J].干旱区地理,2001,24(3):236-242. |
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| 作者姓名： | 于云江 鲁春霞 |
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| 作者单位： | 1. 北京师范大学资源所,环境演变与自然灾害教育部重点试验室,北京,100875
2. 中国科学院地理科学与自然资源研究所,北京,100101 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家重点基金研究项目 ( 2 0 0 0 0 186 0 0 )，教育部骨干青年教师项目基金资助 |
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| 摘 要： | 青藏铁路哈（尔盖）－格（尔木）段位于青藏高原，横穿柴达木沙漠，不少地段曾因沙害造成中断行车和机车掉道等事故，其中以客城最为突出。对青藏线客城区段气候、地质、地貌等自然因素和人为因素的研究表明：风大多风是该区段风沙猖獗的动力因素，分布广泛的洪积沙层则构成了风沙流的物质基础，不适当的人为活动加剧了当地的沙漠化，致使线路沙害日趋严重。在该锻铁路防沙中，采用的竹片栅栏与碎石方格相结合的机械措施取得较好的防沙效果，经过观测，阻沙措施降低了风速；固沙措施增加了地面的粗糙度，减少了沙面的流动性，为植物的生长创造了有利条件。植物固沙试验表明，白刺是当地最佳的治沙植物种，它具有冠幅大，根系发达、固沙效果好等特点，虽然地下水矿化度高，但用它浇灌，可提高白刷成活率。防沙措施取得了明显的防沙效果和经济效益，确保了该段行车安全。
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| 关 键 词： | 青藏线 沙害成因 防治途径 铁路 植物固沙 白刺 固沙措施 铁路 |
| 文章编号： | 1000-6060(2001)03-236-07 |
| 修稿时间： | 2001年2月10日 |
Studies on Forming Causes of Sand Disaster and Sand-Controlling Approach at Ke-Cheng Section in Qinghai Tibet Railway |
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| YU Yun-jiang.Studies on Forming Causes of Sand Disaster and Sand-Controlling Approach at Ke-Cheng Section in Qinghai Tibet Railway[J].Arid Land Geography,2001,24(3):236-242. |
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| Authors: | YU Yun-jiang |
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| Abstract: | Railway section from Haergan to Geermu lies in Qinghai-Tibet plateau,crossing Chadamu desert, of the whole line accidents of interrupting and derailment at Ke-Cheng were most serious. In order to learn cause of engendering sand calamity, climatic observation station was built, and at the same time the paper probe into geology and physiognomy and artificial cause,It is showed that strong wind and frequent wind is dynamical factor of forming wind-sand,and extensive diluvium sand is substantial basis leading to wind-sand; Improper factitious activity enhanced local desertification,so that sand calamity of railway is increasingly serious. In railway sand-controlling at this section, both engineering and plant sand-controlling measures are adaptable means in here,and combination of both measures have better effect, and experiments show that engineering sand-controlling measure largely reduced velocity of wind and increased roughness of sand-surface and decrease fluidity of sand surface,create a favorable condition for vegetable growth. Plant sand-controlling measure can stable sand-surface, improve physical and chemical character,enhanced succession from flowing-sand to stabled sand-dune; N.tangutorum Bobr.has the best adaptability to local environment and has the best sand-controlling effec in here.Though groundwater mineralization degree is bigger, watering N.tangutorum Bobr by using the groundwater can enhanced surviving ratio. Since sand-controlling measure was finished, larger economic benefits have been acquired, insure the railway in favorable state of operation. |
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| Keywords: | Qinghai-Tilet railway Cause of engendering sand calamity Controlling-sand approach |
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