| 黄河下游河道的冻裂研究 |
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| 引用本文： | 钟建华,王洪宝.黄河下游河道的冻裂研究[J].沉积学报,2002,20(4):650-655. |
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| 作者姓名： | 钟建华 王洪宝 |
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| 作者单位： | 1 石油大学,华东,地球资源与信息学院,山东东营,257061; |
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| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金项目(批准号:49972037)、国家重大基础研究规划项目(编号:G199904603)、山东省自然科学基金项目(编号:Q99E01)及高校博士点基金项目(项目编号:20010425004)联合资助部分成果. |
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| 摘 要： | 黄河下游河道在冬季冰封雪冻,使得河道上发育了大量的冰冻裂痕(简称‘冻裂'),形貌独特,引人注目.黄河下游的冻裂共有八种形态:缝隙状、豆荚状、直线状、三联状、锯齿状、网状、螺旋状及树枝状.后两种冻裂仅产在薄层淤泥中;其余的均产在粉砂中,与一般的干裂发育载体迥然不同,这也是冻裂的一个特殊之处.另一种发育在粉砂层中的冻裂-冰冻裂理也很特殊.冻裂的形成无疑与冰作用有关.冰融水劈的交替作用是其具体的动力学过程。
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| 关 键 词： | 冻裂 黄河 |
| 文章编号： | 1000-0550(2002)04-0650-06 |
| 收稿时间： | 2001-06-11 |
| 修稿时间： | 2001年6月11日 |
Study on the Frozen Cracks in the Lower Reaches of Yellow River |
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| ZHONG Jian hua,?,WANG Hong bao.Study on the Frozen Cracks in the Lower Reaches of Yellow River[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2002,20(4):650-655. |
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| Authors: | ZHONG Jian hua ? WANG Hong bao |
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| Institution: | 1 Institute of Earth Resources and Informations, Petroleum University of China, Dongying Shandong 257061;2 Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640;3 Department of Geosciences,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310027 |
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| Abstract: | The lower reaches of Yellow River isfrozen in winter, asa result, a lot of frozen cracks are developed. They are noticeable with unusual appearances. All the frozen cracks may be broadly divisible into eight types according to their shapes including fissure-like,pod -like, linear, triple-junction -like, sawtooth-like, netty, spiral and branched.The fissure-like crack hassimplest shape. It is a straight, narrow, short fissure in plane and is a slaty sheet in space. The length is mostly below ten centimeters, and the width is not beyond one centimeter, and the depth is also mostly below ten centimeters. The both ends of the crack is sharp and flat, and the widdle is relatively wide and in relief.The cross section is like “v”. The length is several centimeters to more than ten centimeters, and the width is one to two centimeters and the depth is one to three centimeters. The straight linear frozen crack has a relatively simple shape and but the sizes are variable. The smaller one is decades of centimeters in length and several centimeters in width and in depth. The length of larger ones is in the range of from decades of meters to more than one handred of meters, and the width and depthe are all below ten centimeters. Commonly, they extend along the river course. The triple-junction -frozen-cracks are rather similar to triple junction rifts, but their sizes are considereblely small. In fact, they are an assamblage frozen cracks,being consisted of three single frozen cracks with an interangle of about 120°.The compound ones mean that large net contains small net and the simple type has only one rank. This netty frozen crack that consists of a series of straight linear frozen cracks is relatively complex. The sawtooth-like frozen cracks is actually an assemblage type that is made up of a series of short, linear frozen cracks with an interangle of about 120°. Also,their sizes are small and their length range mostly from ten to thirty centimeters and their width are not beyond one centimeter. The netty frozen crack is a rather complicated type. That consists of straight linear and curved frozen cracks. It may be divided into two types: Compound type and simple type. It may be divided into two to three ranks. The single frozen crack is straight linear or slightly curved and its length is several centimeter to decades of centimeters and its width is several millimeter. Also, the spiral frozen crack is an assemblage type, but their patterns are considerably unusual and single frozen crack has spiral form and several frozen cracks assemble to form flower-like pattern. The single frozen crack is in the range of five to forty centimeters in length and several millimeters in width. The branched frozen crack is rather complex in form and, also, is an assemblage type. Genenally, the size is small and the length is mostly in the range of ten to twenty centimeters and the width is below one centimeter. The last two type genenally develop in thin mud layer and the other generally develop in silt layer. Another frozen crack( frozen parting)is also considerably noticeable. The formation of frozen cracks,undoubtedly,is related to ice action and the interaction of ice melting and ice wedging is their concrete dynamatic process. |
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| Keywords: | frozen crack Yellow River |
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