Levels and distributions of organic source tracers in air and roadside dust particles of Kuala Lumpur,Malaysia |
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| Authors: | Nasr Yousef M J Omar M Radzi Bin Abas Noorsaadah A Rahman Norhayati Mohd Tahir Ahmed I Rushdi Bernd R T Simoneit |
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| Institution: | (1) Department of Chemistry, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia;(2) Faculty of Science and Technology, Kolej Universiti Sains dan Teknologi Malaysia, Mengabang Telipot, 21030 Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia;(3) Environmental and Petroleum Geochemistry Group, College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA |
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| Abstract: | The concentrations of n-alkanes, unresolved complex mixture (UCM), petroleum molecular markers, other tracers of cooking and burning emissions, and
natural background in atmospheric particles and roadside dust particles were measured at eight locations in the city center
and the suburbs of Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Atmospheric particles were collected using high-volume filtration (PM-10, GFF)
over 24 h average periods. Road dusts were swept up, dried and sieved. Both types of samples were extracted with dichloromethane/methanol
mixture (3:1 v/v) by ultrasonic agitation. The extracts were then fractionated by column chromatography and the alkanes subjected
to gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). Total extracts were also analyzed directly by GC–MS after silylation. The
molecular distributions of compounds as well as diagnostic geochemical ratios were determined in order to identify the sources
of the organic compounds. Samples collected from a rural area and lubricating oils were also analyzed for comparisons. Anthropogenic
and biogenic sources such as vehicular emissions, waxes of higher plants, food cooking operations, and biomass and domestic
refuse burning processes contributed to the organic matter content of atmospheric and to lesser extent, roadside dust particles. |
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| Keywords: | PM-10 aerosol Molecular markers Traffic Refuse burning Biomass burning Natural background |
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