| 甲基卡式锂矿田控矿作用与深部找矿方向 |
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| 引用本文： | 付小方,黄韬,邹付戈,梁斌,郝雪峰,杨荣,潘蒙,唐屹.甲基卡式锂矿田控矿作用与深部找矿方向[J].地质学报,2021,95(3):791-808. |
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| 作者姓名： | 付小方 黄韬 邹付戈 梁斌 郝雪峰 杨荣 潘蒙 唐屹 |
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| 作者单位： | 稀有稀土战略资源评价与利用四川省重点实验室,四川省地质调查院,成都,610081;四川省地质工程勘察院集团有限公司,成都,620072;美国休斯顿大学,休斯顿,得克萨斯州,美国,77004;西南科技大学环境与资源学院,四川绵阳,621010 |
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| 基金项目： | 本文为科技部深地资源勘查开采专项(编号2017YFC0602702)、中国地质调查局地质调查项目(编号12120112208014)和四川省地勘基金海子北锂矿普查项目(川国土资函(2015)55)联合资助的成果。 |
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| 摘 要： | 锂是我国重要的战略性新兴关键矿产。位于青藏高原东缘的甲基卡锂矿是全球最大的硬岩型锂矿田,同时也伴生大量铍、铌、钽、铷及铯等稀有金属。隐伏花岗岩体的形态,花岗岩与伟晶岩关系,以及细晶岩型和伟晶岩型锂矿体(脉)的空间分布是认识锂成矿控矿作用的关键。本文以甲基卡锂矿田为研究对象,通过高精度重力测量,建立了隐伏花岗岩穹丘的三维模型,推断了花岗岩体的形态及延伸;同时还利用大地电磁测深和钻探验证,揭示了X03、309、134等超大型、大型锂等矿脉与二云母花岗岩的关系。提出了复式(多中心)花岗岩浆底辟穹隆、不混溶Li-F花岗质岩浆脉动式充填-交代以及半开放的剪张裂隙控制大(矿)脉的认识,探讨了以花岗岩细晶岩型锂矿为主体,并与伟晶岩型锂矿共存的成因。这对第四系覆盖程度高的地区的找矿具有重要指导意义。隐伏花岗岩株(枝)形成的多中心小穹窿周缘是找矿有利部位。对隐伏花岗岩体向北北西倾伏的推断、岩石组合特征(是否只有二云母花岗岩单一岩石类型)等的认识还需在矿田北部加强探深科学验证;对于甲基卡式稀有金属超常富集过程的问题还需要继续探索研究,以期深部锂矿找矿突破。
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| 关 键 词： | 甲基卡式 锂矿田 复式(多中心)穹窿 三维模型 控矿作用 深部找矿方向 |
| 收稿时间： | 2020/8/17 0:00:00 |
| 修稿时间： | 2020/12/16 0:00:00 |
Ore- controlling mechanism and deep prospecting direction of Jiajika- like lithium mines |
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| FU Xiaofang,HUANG Tao,ZOU Fuge,LING Bin,HAO Xuefeng,YANG Rong,PAN Meng,TANG Yi.Ore- controlling mechanism and deep prospecting direction of Jiajika- like lithium mines[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2021,95(3):791-808. |
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| Authors: | FU Xiaofang HUANG Tao ZOU Fuge LING Bin HAO Xuefeng YANG Rong PAN Meng TANG Yi |
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| Institution: | 1) Sichuan Geological Survey, Chengdu, 610081, China;2) Sichuan Institute of Geological Engineering Investigation Group Co. Ltd, Chengdu, 610072, China;3) Bauer School of Business, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77004, USA;4) School of Environment and Resources, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, Sichuan, 621010, China |
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| Abstract: | Lithium is emerging as a key strategic mineral in China. The Jiajika deposit in the eastern margin of the Qinghai- Tibet Plateau is the largest hard- rock type lithium deposit in the world, and is accompanied by a large amount of beryllium, niobium, tantalum, rubidium, cesium and other rare metals. The morphology of unexposed granite bodies, the relationship between granite and pegmatite, and the spatial distribution of pegmatite and fine crystalline lithium deposits are the key points to understand the ore- controlling effect of lithium mineralization. In this paper, a three- dimensional model of the concealed granite dome is established by using high- precision gravity survey, and the morphology and extension of the granite body are deduced. At the same time, magnetotelluric sounding and drilling verification have also been used to reveal the relationship between the ultra- large and large lithium veins such as X03, 309 and 134 and the two- mica granite. On this basis, the understanding of the compound (polycentric) granite magma diapir dome, immiscible Li- F granitic magma pulsating filling and metasomatism, and semi- open shear- tension fractures controlling large veins are proposed. The phenomena that the fine crystalline lithium deposits dominate the ore field and coexist with pegmatite lithium deposits are discussed. This study is of great significance for the prospecting of the Jiajika area with high Quaternary coverage. The periphery of the polycentric small dome developed on the concealed granite stocks (branches) is a favorable position for prospecting, especially in the middle- south section of the dome near the Majingzi pluton. The inference that the concealed granite is leaning NNW needs to be verified in the northern part of the ore field. The deep extension of the granite body, the rock combination, and whether there is only a single rock type of two- mica granite, etc., and the abnormal enrichment process of rare metals and other issues still need to be investigated in order to make a breakthrough in lithium ore prospecting. |
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| Keywords: | Jiajika- type of lithium vein lithium ore field multi- center dome 3- D geological modeling ore- controlling mechanism deep exploration target |
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