| 黄河下游地区堌堆遗址时空分布特征及其与黄河洪水关系 |
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| 引用本文： | 陈诗越,强柳燕,张风菊,黎心泽.黄河下游地区堌堆遗址时空分布特征及其与黄河洪水关系[J].地理科学,2020,40(7):1202-1209. |
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| 作者姓名： | 陈诗越 强柳燕 张风菊 黎心泽 |
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| 作者单位： | 江苏师范大学地理测绘与城乡规划学院，江苏 徐州 221116 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金项目(41672345，41871073)、江苏师范大学研究生创新项目(KYCX20_2277，KYCX20_2273)、江苏高校优势学科建设工程项目资助 |
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| 摘 要： | 通过对考古资料和古文献的查询、总结，阐释了黄河下游地区堌堆遗址的形成及其时空分布特征，利用地理学和统计学的方法，分析了该地区堌堆遗址分布与黄河洪水之间的关系。研究表明，堌堆遗址时间分布为大汶口文化、龙山文化、岳石文化、商周与汉时期，且主要分布在龙山文化时期，可能反映了古人类向黄河下游迁移及洪水相对频发的情势；汉代以后由于国家和黄河两岸居民抵御黄河洪水的策略转为筑堤，且此后一段时期黄河长期安流，致使堌堆被逐渐废弃。堌堆遗址空间分布为鲁西南，豫东北地区，位于历史时期黄河频繁改道与泛滥的重点区域，这些地区地势较低，容易发生洪水泛滥事件。研究认为黄河洪水是影响堌堆遗址分布的主要因素，洪水的出现迫使人类避往高处，而生活在平原地区的居民主要采取加高居住地的策略避洪，从而形成了堌堆——今日的堌堆遗址。
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| 关 键 词： | 堌堆遗址 文化演替 洪水 黄河下游 |
| 收稿时间： | 2019-08-14 |
Spatial and Temporal Distribution Characteristics of Earthen Fort Ruins in the Lower Reaches of the Yellow River and Their Relations with Floods |
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| Chen Shiyue,Qiang Liuyan,Zhang Fengju,Li Xinze.Spatial and Temporal Distribution Characteristics of Earthen Fort Ruins in the Lower Reaches of the Yellow River and Their Relations with Floods[J].Scientia Geographica Sinica,2020,40(7):1202-1209. |
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| Authors: | Chen Shiyue Qiang Liuyan Zhang Fengju Li Xinze |
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| Institution: | School of Geography, Geomatics and Planning, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu, China |
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| Abstract: | It is of great significance to study the spatio-temporal distribution of the earthen fort ruins in the lower reaches of the Yellow River to further study the relationship between the ruins and the flood of the Yellow River in the discovery and protection of the ruins. Environmental archaeology has found that there are many earthen fort ruins in the lower reaches of the Yellow River. Earthen forts are ancient residential sites which are significantly higher than the surrounding ground and accumulated by the ancestors, reflecting the history of the ancestors to resist and prevent the flood of the Yellow River. Through the inquiry and summary of archaeological data and ancient documents, the formation and spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of the ruins in lower reaches of the Yellow River are explained, and the relationship between the distribution of ruins in the lower reaches of the Yellow River and the flood of the Yellow River is analyzed by using the methods of geography and statistics. The research shows that the time distribution of earthen fort ruins are Dawenkou culture, Longshan culture, Yueshi culture, Shang, Zhou and Han dynasties, and mainly in Longshan culture period, which may reflect the migration of ancient human beings to the lower reaches of the Yellow River and the relatively frequent floods. Since the Han Dynasty, the strategy of the state and the residents on both sides of the Yellow River to resist the flood of the Yellow River has changed to build dikes, and the Yellow River has been in steady flow for a long time, which has led to the gradual abandonment of the earthen fort ruins. Earthen fort ruins mainly distribute in the southwestern Shandong and the northeastern Henan. It is located in the key areas of frequent diversion and flooding of the Yellow River in historical period. These areas are low in terrain and prone to flooding events. This paper holds that the flood of the Yellow River is the main factor affecting the distribution of the earthen fort ruins. The emergence of the flood forces human beings to avoid the high places. The residents living in the plain areas mainly adopt the strategy of heightening their habitats to avoid the flood, thus forming the mound—today’s earthen fort ruins. |
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| Keywords: | earthen fort ruins culture succession flood lower reaches of the Yellow River |
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