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| 论地理学的特性与基本问题 | |
| 引用本文： | 宋长青,张国友,程昌秀,陈发虎.论地理学的特性与基本问题[J].地理科学,2020,40(1):6-11. |
| 作者姓名： | 宋长青 张国友 程昌秀 陈发虎 |
| 作者单位： | 北京师范大学地表过程与资源生态国家重点实验室,北京 100875 北京师范大学地理科学学部,北京 100875 中国地理学会,北京 100101 中国科学院青藏高原地球科学卓越创新中心,北京 100101 |
| 基金项目： | 科技部第二次青藏高原综合考察研究项目(2019QZKK0608);中国科学院美丽中国生态文明建设科技工程专项(XDA23100303) |
| 摘 要： | 学科通常都具有独立的研究对象、独立的学科问题、独特的学科特征以及独特的社会服务功能。本文从3个方面论述了地理学的属性,进而认识现代地理学的时代特征。①地理学研究对象的演化经历了由简单向复杂的变化过程。在研究实践过程中,应充分认识地理系统的复杂属性。②地理的要素、空间与时间相互融合构成了独特的学科问题体系,阐述了不同地理问题的本质区别,进而促进解决不同地理问题的技术与方法体系建设。③“还原论”与“整体论”并举的地理学哲学思维方兴未艾。地理学强调的综合研究在当今时代受到了前所未有的重视。在新兴学科和新兴技术的支撑下,出现了地理要素和地理系统并行研究的新格局。本文从地理学研究的基本特征出发,总结了地理学研究的核心问题,探讨地理学驱动机制对地理规律的组合效应。理解地理学关键特征和时代价值,有助于探索地理学的社会发展契机。 |
| 关 键 词： | 地理学属性 地理学基本问题 格局-过程-机理 |
| 收稿时间： | 2019-10-20 |
| 修稿时间： | 2020-01-05 |
Nature and Basic Issues of Geography |
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| Song Changqing,Zhang Guoyou,Cheng Changxiu,Chen Fahu.Nature and Basic Issues of Geography[J].Scientia Geographica Sinica,2020,40(1):6-11. | |
| Authors: | Song Changqing Zhang Guoyou Cheng Changxiu Chen Fahu |
| Institution: | State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China The Geographical Society of China, Beijing 100101, China Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China |
| Abstract: | A discipline has typically the following four key features, namely independent research objects, independent research questions, unique characteristics, and unique social services. This paper first discusses the nature of Geography from three aspects, to reveal the characteristics of modern Geography. First, the research object of Geography is changing from simple to complex evolution. In performing geographic research, we should well recognize the complexity of geographic systems. Second, the framework of geographic research questions is structured by the fusion among geographic features, space, and time. This paper explains the essential distinction between different geographic research questions, which promotes the development of the methods and technologies for answering these questions. Third, the philosophy of combining reductionism and holism is growing continuously. A new pattern of research has been formed based on new disciplines and technologies, which is the parallel development of the research on geographic features and that on systems. This paper then identifies the essential characteristics of geographic research, summarizes the key research questions in Geography, and discusses the multiple effects of driving mechanisms on the laws of Geography. An understanding of the fundamental characteristics and the modern value of Geography illustrated in this paper will be contribute to the societal development of Geography. |
| Keywords: | nature of Geography basic issues of Geography pattern-processe-mechanism |
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