| 非洲锰矿床成矿规律、开发利用与勘查建议 |
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| 引用本文： | 栾卓然.非洲锰矿床成矿规律、开发利用与勘查建议[J].地质与勘探,2021,57(6):1216-1228. |
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| 作者姓名： | 栾卓然 |
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| 作者单位： | 河北省战略性关键矿产资源重点实验室,河北地质大学地球科学学院,河北石家庄 050031;河北省地矿局第九地质大队,河北邢台 054000;中国地质调查局发展研究中心,北京 100037;河北省战略性关键矿产资源重点实验室,河北地质大学地球科学学院,河北石家庄 050031;内蒙古自治区岩浆活动成矿与找矿重点实验室,内蒙古自治区地质调查院,内蒙古呼和浩特 010020;中国地质科学院矿产资源研究所自然资源部成矿作用与资源评价重点实验室,北京 100037 |
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| 基金项目： | 中国地质调查局项目“国家地质调查成果集成与规划”（编号：DD20190464）、“境外大型矿产资源基地及资源
潜力评价”（编号：DD20190437）和河北地质大学博士科研启动基金（编号：BQ2018032）联合资助 |
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| 摘 要： | 锰矿是我国重要的战略矿产资源，需求量不断增长，长期依赖国外资源保障供需关系。本文总结分析了非洲锰矿资源的特点、矿床类型与成矿规律等地质特征与勘查开发利用及贸易现状。分析表明：非洲是全球探明锰矿储量和资源量最多的地区，具有分布集中，规模大、品位高、杂质少的特点；锰矿床类型主要有条带状含铁建造（BIF）型、海相沉积型、海相火山-沉积型、陆相（湖相三角洲）沉积型、岩浆热液型等五大类，普遍遭受表生风化淋滤（溶蚀）作用改造；主要分布在卡普瓦尔克拉通、刚果克拉通西北部的加蓬地块和西非克拉通南缘的马恩-莱奥地盾中；成矿时代主要集中于前寒武纪，尤其是2.2~2.0Ga；非洲锰矿资源的勘查开发程度较高，其中南非是非洲锰矿勘查程度最高的国家，中非、北非国家的勘查开发程度较低；南非是全球最大的锰矿石生产国和锰矿产品出口国，目前占全球出口量的68.19%以上，我国是非洲锰矿产的最大出口地，占其出口总量的70.19%。建议：我国在非洲的勘查应重点关注非洲中部的条带状含铁建造（BIF）型锰矿和海相火山-沉积型锰矿；在非洲已有的中企基础上，组建大型的集团公司，建立多元的锰矿资源供应体系。
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| 关 键 词： | 锰矿 非洲 矿床 地质特征 勘查开发 |
| 收稿时间： | 2021/8/5 0:00:00 |
| 修稿时间： | 2021/11/4 0:00:00 |
Metallogenic regularity, development and utilization status and suggestions on exploration of manganese resources in Africa |
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| Luan Zhuoran.Metallogenic regularity, development and utilization status and suggestions on exploration of manganese resources in Africa[J].Geology and Prospecting,2021,57(6):1216-1228. |
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| Authors: | Luan Zhuoran |
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| Institution: | Hebei Key Laboratory of Strategic Critical Mineral Resources, College of Earth Sciences, Hebei GEO University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei; Hebei Bureau of Geology 9th Geological Brigade, Xingtai, Hebei; Development and Research Center, China Geological Survey, Beijing; Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Magmatic Mineralization and Ore-Prospecting, Geological Survey Institute of Inner Mongolia, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia; Institute of Mineral Resources, Chinese Academy of Geologi-cal Sciences, Beijing |
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| Abstract: | Manganese ore is an important strategic mineral resource in China, which has increasing demand, and has long depended on foreign resources to ensure the relationship between supply and demand. This paper summarizes and analyzes the traits of manganese resources in Africa, the types of ore deposits and metallogenic regularity, as well as the current situation of exploration, development, utilization and trade in this continent. Analysis suggests that Africa has the largest proven manganese reserves and resources in the world, with advantages of concentrated distribution, large scale, high grade and less impurities. There are five types of manganese deposits: banded iron bearing formation (BIF), marine sedimentary, marine volcano sedimentary, continental (lacustrine delta) sedimentary and magmatic hydrothermal, which are generally reformed by supergene weathering and leaching (dissolution). They are mainly distributed in the Kapvar craton, Gabon block in the northwest of the Congo Craton and the Mann Leo shield in the southern margin of the West African craton. The metallogenic epoch is mainly concentrated in Precambrian, especially 2.2 ~ 2.0 Ga. The degree of exploration and development of manganese resources in Africa is relatively high. South Africa is the country with the highest degree of exploration and development of manganese resources in Africa, while central and North Africa are relatively low. South Africa is the world''s largest producer and exporter of manganese ores, accounting for more than 68.19% of the world''s exports. China is the largest export country of manganese minerals of Africa, accounting for 70.19% of its total exports. It is suggested that China''s exploration in Africa should focus on the banded iron bearing formation (BIF) type manganese deposits and marine volcanic sedimentary type manganese deposits in Central Africa. On the basis of the existing Chinese enterprises in Africa, a large group company should be set up to establish a diversified manganese resource supply system. |
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| Keywords: | manganese resource Africa deposit geological characteristics exploration and development |
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