Embryology of Maldives clownfish, Amphiprion nigripes (Amphiprioninae) |
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| Authors: | Swagat Ghosh Thipramalai Thankappanpillai Ajith Kumar Thangavel Balasubramanian |
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| Institution: | Swagat Ghosh*, Thipramalai Thankappanpillai Ajith Kumar, and Thangavel Balasubramanian Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Annamalai University, Parangipettai-608 502, Tamil Nadu, India |
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| Abstract: | This study investigated the embryonic development of Maldives clownfish Amphiprion nigripes under natural conditions (28–30°C) at a lagoon of Agatti Island, Lakshadweep, India. The newly deposited fish egg was capsule-shaped
and orange-red, with a (0.73 ± 0.04) mm3 yolk containing 5–10 fat globules. The embryonic development of fertilized eggs was divided into 26 stages and the time elapsing
for each stage was recorded. Results showed that the cleavage was rapid, with the first division observed 1 h 20 min after
fertilization. Blastulation occurred 4 h later, followed by gastrulation 12 h after fertilization, with a yolk volume of (0.61
± 0.06) mm3. The organogenesis process started 22 h after fertilization when the blastopores closed and notochord formation began. The
embryonic stage was recorded 24 h later, with the appearance of forebrain, midbrain, hindbrain, melanophores on yolk-sac and
22 somites, and a decreased yolk volume of (0.54 ± 0.08) mm3. Other organs developed well 31 h after fertilization, whereas the heart started beating and blood circulation began 78 h
later. Red pigmentation (erytrophores) appeared 96 h after fertilization, with a small yolk volume of (0.22 ± 0.02) mm3. Mouth developed well and eyes were noticeable 120 h later, with head, pectoral fin and tail frequently moving 144 h after
fertilization. The embryo reached the pre-hatching stage 168 h later and started to hatch after 170–180 h incubation. This
study first detailed the embryonic development and yolk absorption of A. nigripes under natural conditions. |
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| Keywords: | Amphiprion nigripes clownfish embryonic development spawning yolk volume |
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