| 美国20世纪洪水损失分析及中美90年代比较研究 |
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| 引用本文： | 姜付仁,程晓陶,向立云,吴玉成.美国20世纪洪水损失分析及中美90年代比较研究[J].水科学进展,2003,14(3):384-388. |
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| 作者姓名： | 姜付仁 程晓陶 向立云 吴玉成 |
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| 作者单位： | 中国水利水电科学研究院防洪减灾研究所, 北京, 100038 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金资助重大项目(50099620)，水利部科技创新项目(SCX2000-01) |
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| 摘 要： | 分析了美国20世纪洪水损失的演变情况及洪水损失对国民经济的影响,探讨了美国的洪水响应政策,并对中国和美国20世纪90年代的洪水损失进行比较研究.主要结论如下:①美国20世纪年均洪水损失以1.58%的增长率缓慢上升,20世纪末年均损失约为55.6亿美元;②洪水损失占GDP的比重逐渐下降,由20世纪30年代的0.334%下降到90年代的0.068%;③美国许多重大洪水政策的调整几乎都与特大洪水发生有关,呈由"遏制洪水"、"控制洪水"发展到"洪水管理"的演变历程;④通过比较研究发现,整个90年代是中国和美国洪水频发的时期,中国的年均洪水损失为1343.1亿元,损失占全国GDP的2.386%;而美国年均洪水损失虽然也达到了55.6亿美元,但只占全美GDP的0.068%;洪水对中国国民经济的影响远远大于对美国的影响.
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| 关 键 词： | 洪水损失 国内生产总值 20世纪 比较研究 |
| 文章编号： | 1001-6791(2003)03-384-05 |
| 收稿时间： | 2002-02-01 |
| 修稿时间： | 2002年2月1日 |
Review on the flood losses of the 20th century in the United States and comparative study on flood damages between China and USA in 1990s |
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| JIANG Fu-ren,CHENG Xiao-tao,XIANG Li-yun,WU Yu-cheng.Review on the flood losses of the 20th century in the United States and comparative study on flood damages between China and USA in 1990s[J].Advances in Water Science,2003,14(3):384-388. |
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| Authors: | JIANG Fu-ren CHENG Xiao-tao XIANG Li-yun WU Yu-cheng |
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| Institution: | China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100038, China |
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| Abstract: | The Evolution of flood losses of the United States in the 20th century,the flood impact on national economy,and the responses after the great floods are explored in the paper. The comparative analysis of flood losses between the US and China in the 1990s is discussed. Some conclusions are obtained to provide the referees for the policy on flood control and disaster reduction in China as follows. Flood losses in the United States continued to rise slowly to US $5.56 billion of average annual damages in the 1990s at a ratio of 1.58 percent and the ratio of flood losses to GDP continued to drop gradually from 0.334 percent in the 1930s to 0.068 percent in the 1990s;many key policies involving flood were triggered by destructive floods to head the way from flood contain and control to flood management;with the comparative analysis of flood losses between the United States and China in the 1990s,average annual damage in China in the 1990s is estimated about RMB 134.34 billion accounting for a proportion of flood losses to GDP of 2.386 percent in contrast,average annual damage US $5.56 billion in the United States accounting for the ratio of 0.068 percent. |
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| Keywords: | flood loss GDP the 20th century comparative analysis |
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