An Idealized Model and Systematic Process Study of Oxygen Depletion in Highly Turbid Estuaries |
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| Authors: | S A Talke H E de Swart V N de Jonge |
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| Institution: | (1) Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, University of Washington, 201 More Hall, Box 352700, Seattle, WA 98195-2700, USA;(2) Institute for Marine and Atmospheric research, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 5, 3584 CC Utrecht, the Netherlands;(3) Institute of Estuarine Coastal Studies (IECS), University of Hull, Hull, HU6 7RX, UK |
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| Abstract: | The sensitivity of oxygen depletion in turbid estuaries to parameters like freshwater discharge, depth, and sediment availability
is investigated using an idealized model. The model describes tidally averaged circulation and suspended sediment concentration
(SSC), which are input into an advection–diffusion sink module of dissolved oxygen (DO). Based on the analysis of field data
collected in the Ems estuary, the modeled oxygen depletion rates are proportional to SSC. The model is calibrated to the observed
variation of DO with SSC and temperature. Modeled DO closely tracks changes to the estuarine turbidity zone (ETZ): increased
channel depth, decreased freshwater discharge, and decreased mixing move the ETZ upstream, amplify SSCs, and decrease DO.
Summertime temperatures produce lower DO than cooler periods. Model results are consistent with historical measurements in
the Ems, which indicate that hypoxic events (DO concentrations < 2 mg l−1) have occurred more frequently after deepening from 5 to 7 m. |
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