Monitoring and methods to analyse the groundwater quality degradation risk in coastal karstic aquifers (Apulia,Southern Italy) |
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| Authors: | M Polemio V Dragone P P Limoni |
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| Institution: | (1) CNR-IRPI, Via Amendola 122/i, 70126 Bari, Italy |
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| Abstract: | A multi-methodological approach based on monitoring and spatio-temporal analysis of groundwater quality changes is proposed.
The presented tools are simple, quick and cost-effective to give service to all sorts of users. The chief purpose of the monitoring
network is the detection of the piezometric or potenziometric level in the aquifer. The spatial and multi-temporal analysis
of usual chemical and physical data provides both an assessment of the spatial vulnerability of the aquifer to seawater intrusion,
defining a salinity threshold between fresh groundwater and brackish groundwater and of the water quality trend in terms of
salinity. The evaluation of the salinity trend or of salinity-correlated parameters highlights the effects of groundwater
mismanagement. The multiparameter logging provides a rapid groundwater quality classification for each well. The whole approach
allows evaluating the effects of current management criteria and designing more appropriate management targets. The Apulian
karstic coastal aquifers have been selected as a case study (Southern Italy). Three types of aquifer zones can be distinguished:
(1) areas with low vulnerability to seawater intrusion, (2) areas with high vulnerability and (3) areas with variable vulnerability
in which the salt degradation largely depends on the ability to manage the well discharge. The water quality degradation caused
by seawater intrusion appears to be a combined effect of an anomalous succession of drought periods observed from about 1980
onwards and increased groundwater pumping, particularly during drought periods. A management criterion based on aquifer zones
is proposed. |
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| Keywords: | Karstic aquifer Groundwater degradation Seawater intrusion Monitoring |
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