Stratospheric wave activity and the Pacific Decadal Oscillation |
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| Authors: | Evgeny A Jadin Ke Wei Yulia A Zyulyaeva Wen Chen Lin Wang |
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| Institution: | 2. Department of Meteorology, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom;3. Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland;4. Freddy and Nadine Hermann Institute of Earth Science, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel;5. Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences, New York University, New York, NY, United States;6. École Polytechniqe, Saclay, Paris, France;11. Canadian Centre for Climate Modelling and Analysis, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Victoria, BC, Canada;12. Climate and Global Dynamics Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, United States;8. School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea |
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| Abstract: | Using the monthly mean NCEP/NCAR reanalysis and NOAA Extended Reconstructed sea surface temperature (SST) datasets, strong correlations between the SST anomalies in the North Pacific and calculated three-dimensional Eliassen–Palm vertical fluxes are indicated in December 1958–1976 and 1992–2006. These correlations between the interannual variations of the SST anomalies and the penetration of planetary waves into the stratosphere are much less during the decadal sub-period 1976–1992 in the positive phase of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) and the decadal cold SST anomalies in the North Pacific. Interannual variations of the polar jet in the lower stratosphere in January are strongly associated with SST anomalies in the Aleutian Low region in December for the years with positive PDO index. This sub-period corresponds well with that of the violation of the Holton–Tan relationship between the equatorial Quasi-Beinnial Oscillation (QBO) and the stratospheric circulation in the extra-tropics. It is shown that interannual and interdecadal variations of stratospheric dynamics, including stratospheric warming occurrences in January, depend strongly on changes of the upward propagation of planetary waves from the troposphere to the stratosphere over North Eurasia in preceding December. These findings give evidences of a large impact of the decadal SST variations in the North Pacific on wave activity in early winter due to changes of thermal excitation of planetary waves during distinct decadal periods. Possible causes of the decadal violation of the Holton–Tan relationship, its relation to the PDO and an influence of the 11-year solar cycle on the stratosphere are discussed. |
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