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Spectacular low- and mid-latitude electrical fields and neutral winds during a superstorm
Authors:Michael C Kelley  Ronald R Ilma  Michael Nicolls  Philip Erickson  Larisa Goncharenko  Jorge L Chau  Nestor Aponte  Janet U Kozyra
Institution:1. School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA;2. SRI International, Menlo Park, CA, USA;3. Haystack Observatory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Westford, MA, USA;4. Jicamarca Radio Observatory, Geophysical Institute of Peru, Lima, Peru;5. Arecibo Observatory, Arecibo, Puerto Rico;6. Department of Atmospheric, Oceanic, and Space Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA;1. Center for Geospace Studies, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA, USA;2. Department of Physics, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada;1. Helmholtz Centre Potsdam, GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Telegrafenberg, 14473 Potsdam, Germany;2. Department of Space Physics, College of Electronic Information, Wuhan University, 430079 Wuhan, China;3. Copernicus Gesellschaft e.V., 37081 Göttingen, Germany;1. Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States;2. Physics and Astronomy, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, United States;3. University of the Virgin Islands, St. Croix, USVI, United States;4. Arecibo Observatory, Arecibo, Puerto Rico, United States;1. Space Environment and Satellite Systems Lab, Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA;2. Space Weather Lab, Goddard Space Flight Center, NASA, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA;3. Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA;4. National Institute for Polar Research, Tokyo, Japan;5. South West Research Institute, Boulder, CO 80302, USA;1. Institute of Information and Communication Technology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev str., bl. 25a, Sofia 1113, Bulgaria;2. Haystack Observatory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Westford, 01886 MA, USA;3. Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev str., bl. 3, Sofia 1113, Bulgaria;1. Atmospheric Physics Department, Saint-Peterburg State University, Saint-Peterburg, Russia;2. Theoretical Physics Department, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, Kaliningrad, Russia
Abstract:In November 2004, a major magnetic storm occurred, a lengthy portion of which was recorded by the Upper Atmospheric Radar Chain. On the 9th and 10th, the Jicamarca Radar detected the highest magnitude penetrating electric fields (±3 mV/m) and vertical drifts (±120 m/s) ever seen at this premiere facility. These large and variable drifts were highly correlated with the interplanetary magnetic and electric fields and created a double F layer on the dayside and unusual TEC behavior throughout the low-latitude zone. These solar wind-induced drifts both suppressed and generated irregularities at the magnetic equator at different times. Large-scale thermospheric disturbances were generated by high-latitude heating and tracked through the middle- to low-latitude zones where both parallel and perpendicular plasma drifts created major ionospheric changes. The auroral oval was located at a magnetic L shell of about three for many hours.
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