Compactional behavior of fine-grained sediments — examples from Deep Sea Drilling Project cores |
| |
Authors: | Ulf Bayer Andreas Wetzel |
| |
Institution: | (1) Present address: Institut für Erdöl und organische Geochemie, Kernforschungsanlage Jülich GmbH, Postfach 1913, D-5170 Jü lich, Federal Republic of Germany;(2) Institut für Geologie und Paläontologie, Universität Tübingen, Sigwartstraße 10, D-7400 Tü bingen, Federal Republic of Germany;(3) Present address: Geologisch-Paläontologisches Institut, Universität Basel, Bernoullistraße 32, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland |
| |
Abstract: | Laboratory experiments, statistical analysis of field data and theoretical models are combined in the attempt to derive standard compaction curves for various deep-sea sediments which are in compaction equilibrium with the overburden. A revised and generalized version of Athy's law together with laboratory experiments allows the classification of sediments in terms of the amount of porewater structurally bound to the particles' surfaces. Especially suction pressure experiments are useful in quantifying the forces that bind water on the particle surfaces. The sediments analyzed almost range from systems of »suspended grains« to nearly perfect »colloidal systems«. The methods and equations required to derive the relevant parameters are given for both, downhole porosity/density measurements and laboratory experiments.
Zusammenfassung Die Synthese experimenteller Labordaten, statistischer Analysen von Messungen an Kernen und theoretischer Modellierung der Kompaktion im Gleichgewicht mit der Auflast ermöglicht die Definition von Typ-Kurven für das Kompaktionsverhalten von verschiedenen Tiefsee-Sedimenten. Eine erweiterte und verbesserte Form der Athy'schen Gleichung erlaubt zusammen mit Laborexperimenten, Sedimente entsprechend des Anteils an strukturell gebundenem Porenwasser zu klassifizieren. Anhand von Saugspannungsexperimenten können die Bindungskräfte zwischen Wasser und Partikeloberflächen abgeschätzt werden. Die untersuchten Sedimente reichen von »suspendierten Körnern« bis zu einem »kolloidalen System«. Die notwendigen Methoden und Gleichungen zur Bestimmung der relevanten Parameter aus Bohrlochdaten und Laborexperimenten werden diskutiert.
Résumé A partir d'une synthèse de résultats d'expériences de laboratoires, d'analyses statistiques de données de terrain et d'une modélisation théorique, il est possible d'établir des courbes standard du processus de compaction pour divers types de sédiments de mer profonde, pour lesquels la compaction est en équilibre avec la charge. Une version revue et généralisée de la loi d'Athy permet, en accord avec les résultats expérimentaux, de classer les sédiments selon la quantité d'eau intersticielle liée structuralement à la surface des particules. Les sédiments analysés correspondent à des systèmes qui vont du type à «grains suspendus» à des colloïdes presque parfaits. Les auteurs présentent une discussion détaillée des méthodes et des équations néssaires à l'obtention des paramètres significatifs tant à partir des expériences de laboratoire qu'à partir des mesures de porosité/densité effectuées dans les forages.
![Kcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1050.gif) ![rcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1088.gif) ![acy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1072.gif) ![tcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1090.gif) ![kcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1082.gif) ![ocy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1086.gif) ![scy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1089.gif) ![ocy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1086.gif) ![dcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1076.gif) ![iecy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1077.gif) ![rcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1088.gif) ![zhcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1078.gif) ![acy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1072.gif) ![ncy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1085.gif) ![icy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1080.gif) ![Pcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1055.gif) ![rcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1088.gif) ![ocy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1086.gif) ![scy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1089.gif) ![mcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1084.gif) ![ocy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1086.gif) ![tcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1090.gif) ![dcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1076.gif) ![acy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1072.gif) ![ncy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1085.gif) ![ncy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1085.gif) ![ycy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1099.gif) ![lcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1083.gif) ![acy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1072.gif) ![bcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1073.gif) ![rcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1088.gif) ![acy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1072.gif) ![tcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1090.gif) ![ocy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1086.gif) ![rcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1088.gif) ![ncy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1085.gif) ![ycy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1099.gif) ![icy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1080.gif) ![scy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1089.gif) ![scy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1089.gif) ![lcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1083.gif) ![iecy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1077.gif) ![dcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1076.gif) ![ocy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1086.gif) ![vcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1074.gif) ![acy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1072.gif) ![icy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1080.gif) , ![scy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1089.gif) ![tcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1090.gif) ![acy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1072.gif) ![tcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1090.gif) ![icy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1080.gif) ![scy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1089.gif) ![tcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1090.gif) ![icy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1080.gif) ![chcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1095.gif) ![iecy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1077.gif) ![scy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1089.gif) ![kcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1082.gif) ![acy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1072.gif) ![ocy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1086.gif) ![bcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1073.gif) ![rcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1088.gif) ![acy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1072.gif) ![bcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1073.gif) ![ocy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1086.gif) ![tcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1090.gif) ![kcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1082.gif) ![dcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1076.gif) ![acy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1072.gif) ![ncy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1085.gif) ![ncy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1085.gif) ![ycy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1099.gif) ![icy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1080.gif) ![zcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1079.gif) ![iecy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1077.gif) ![rcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1088.gif) ![iecy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1077.gif) ![ncy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1085.gif) ![icy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1080.gif) ![ncy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1085.gif) ![kcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1082.gif) ![iecy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1077.gif) ![rcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1088.gif) ![ncy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1085.gif) ![acy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1072.gif) ![tcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1090.gif) ![iecy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1077.gif) ![ocy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1086.gif) ![rcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1088.gif) ![iecy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1077.gif) ![tcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1090.gif) ![icy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1080.gif) ![chcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1095.gif) ![iecy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1077.gif) ![scy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1089.gif) ![kcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1082.gif) ![ocy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1086.gif) ![mcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1084.gif) ![ocy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1086.gif) ![dcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1076.gif) ![iecy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1077.gif) ![icy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1080.gif) ![rcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1088.gif) ![ocy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1086.gif) ![vcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1074.gif) ![acy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1072.gif) ![ncy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1085.gif) ![icy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1080.gif) ![ucy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1091.gif) ![pcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1087.gif) ![lcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1083.gif) ![ocy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1086.gif) ![tcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1090.gif) ![ncy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1085.gif) ![iecy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1077.gif) ![ncy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1085.gif) ![icy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1080.gif) ![scy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1089.gif) ![iecy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1077.gif) ![dcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1076.gif) ![icy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1080.gif) ![mcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1084.gif) ![iecy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1077.gif) ![ncy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1085.gif) ![tcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1090.gif) ![pcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1087.gif) ![rcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1088.gif) ![ucy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1091.gif) ![scy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1089.gif) ![lcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1083.gif) ![ocy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1086.gif) ![vcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1074.gif) ![icy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1080.gif) ![yacy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1103.gif) ![rcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1088.gif) ![acy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1072.gif) ![vcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1074.gif) ![ncy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1085.gif) ![ocy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1086.gif) ![vcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1074.gif) ![scy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1089.gif) ![icy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1080.gif) ![ncy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1085.gif) ![acy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1072.gif) ![gcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1075.gif) ![rcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1088.gif) ![ucy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1091.gif) ![zcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1079.gif) ![kcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1082.gif) ![ocy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1086.gif) ![rcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1088.gif) ![acy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1072.gif) ![zcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1079.gif) ![rcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1088.gif) ![shcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1096.gif) ![acy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1072.gif) ![yucy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1102.gif) ![ocy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1086.gif) ![khcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1093.gif) ![acy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1072.gif) ![rcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1088.gif) ![acy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1072.gif) ![kcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1082.gif) ![tcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1090.gif) ![iecy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1077.gif) ![rcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1088.gif) ![icy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1080.gif) ![zcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1079.gif) ![ocy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1086.gif) ![vcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1074.gif) ![acy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1072.gif) ![tcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1090.gif) ![tcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1090.gif) ![pcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1087.gif) ![kcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1082.gif) ![rcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1088.gif) ![icy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1080.gif) ![vcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1074.gif) ![ycy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1099.gif) , ![ocy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1086.gif) ![pcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1087.gif) ![icy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1080.gif) ![scy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1089.gif) ![ycy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1099.gif) ![vcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1074.gif) ![acy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1072.gif) ![yucy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1102.gif) ![shchcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1097.gif) ![pcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1087.gif) ![ocy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1086.gif) ![vcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1074.gif) ![iecy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1077.gif) ![dcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1076.gif) ![iecy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1077.gif) ![ncy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1085.gif) ![icy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1080.gif) ![rcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1088.gif) ![acy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1072.gif) ![zcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1079.gif) ![lcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1083.gif) ![icy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1080.gif) ![chcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1095.gif) ![ncy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1085.gif) ![ycy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1099.gif) ![gcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1075.gif) ![lcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1083.gif) ![ucy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1091.gif) ![bcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1073.gif) ![ocy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1086.gif) ![kcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1082.gif) ![ocy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1086.gif) ![vcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1074.gif) ![dcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1076.gif) ![ncy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1085.gif) ![ycy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1099.gif) ![scy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1089.gif) ![iecy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1077.gif) ![dcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1076.gif) ![icy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1080.gif) ![mcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1084.gif) ![iecy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1077.gif) ![ncy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1085.gif) ![tcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1090.gif) ![ocy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1086.gif) ![pcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1087.gif) ![rcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1088.gif) ![rcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1088.gif) ![ocy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1086.gif) ![tscy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1094.gif) ![iecy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1077.gif) ![scy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1089.gif) ![scy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1089.gif) ![acy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1072.gif) ![icy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1080.gif) ![ucy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1091.gif) ![pcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1087.gif) ![lcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1083.gif) ![ocy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1086.gif) ![tcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1090.gif) ![ncy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1085.gif) ![iecy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1077.gif) ![ncy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1085.gif) ![icy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1080.gif) . ![Rcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1056.gif) ![acy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1072.gif) ![scy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1089.gif) ![shcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1096.gif) ![icy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1080.gif) ![iecy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1077.gif) ![ncy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1085.gif) ![ncy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1085.gif) ![acy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1072.gif) ![ucy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1091.gif) ![lcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1083.gif) ![ucy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1091.gif) ![chcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1095.gif) ![shcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1096.gif) ![iecy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1077.gif) ![ncy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1085.gif) ![ncy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1085.gif) ![acy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1072.gif) ![fcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1092.gif) ![ocy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1086.gif) ![rcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1088.gif) ![mcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1084.gif) ![ucy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1091.gif) ![rcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1088.gif) ![acy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1072.gif) ![vcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1074.gif) ![ncy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1085.gif) ![iecy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1077.gif) ![ncy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1085.gif) ![icy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1080.gif) Athy ![rcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1088.gif) ![acy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1072.gif) ![zcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1079.gif) ![iecy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1077.gif) ![shcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1096.gif) ![acy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1072.gif) ![iecy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1077.gif) ![kcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1082.gif) ![lcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1083.gif) ![acy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1072.gif) ![scy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1089.gif) ![scy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1089.gif) ![icy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1080.gif) ![fcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1092.gif) ![icy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1080.gif) ![tscy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1094.gif) ![icy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1080.gif) ![rcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1088.gif) ![ocy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1086.gif) ![acy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1072.gif) ![tcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1090.gif) ![scy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1089.gif) ![iecy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1077.gif) ![dcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1076.gif) ![icy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1080.gif) ![mcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1084.gif) ![iecy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1077.gif) ![ncy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1085.gif) ![tcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1090.gif) ![pcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1087.gif) ![dcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1076.gif) ![ocy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1086.gif) ![lcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1083.gif) ![pcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1087.gif) ![ocy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1086.gif) ![ocy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1086.gif) ![vcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1074.gif) ![ocy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1086.gif) ![vcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1074.gif) ![ocy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1086.gif) ![dcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1076.gif) , ![scy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1089.gif) ![vcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1074.gif) ![yacy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1103.gif) ![zcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1079.gif) ![acy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1072.gif) ![ncy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1085.gif) ![ncy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1085.gif) ![ocy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1086.gif) ![tcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1090.gif) ![rcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1088.gif) ![ucy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1091.gif) ![kcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1082.gif) ![tcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1090.gif) ![ucy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1091.gif) ![rcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1088.gif) ![ncy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1085.gif) , ![ucy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1091.gif) ![chcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1095.gif) ![icy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1080.gif) ![tcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1090.gif) ![ycy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1099.gif) ![vcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1074.gif) ![acy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1072.gif) ![rcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1088.gif) ![iecy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1077.gif) ![zcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1079.gif) ![ucy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1091.gif) ![lcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1083.gif) ![softcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1100.gif) ![tcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1090.gif) ![acy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1072.gif) ![lcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1083.gif) ![acy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1072.gif) ![bcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1073.gif) ![ocy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1086.gif) ![rcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1088.gif) ![acy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1072.gif) ![tcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1090.gif) ![ocy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1086.gif) ![rcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1088.gif) ![ncy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1085.gif) ![ycy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1099.gif) ![icy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1080.gif) ![scy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1089.gif) ![scy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1089.gif) ![lcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1083.gif) ![dcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1076.gif) ![ocy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1086.gif) ![vcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1074.gif) ![acy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1072.gif) ![ncy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1085.gif) ![icy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1080.gif) . ![Ncy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1053.gif) ![ocy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1086.gif) ![scy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1089.gif) ![ncy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1085.gif) ![ocy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1086.gif) ![vcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1074.gif) ![acy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1072.gif) ![ncy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1085.gif) ![icy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1080.gif) ![ecy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1101.gif) ![kcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1082.gif) ![scy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1089.gif) ![pcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1087.gif) ![iecy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1077.gif) ![rcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1088.gif) ![mcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1084.gif) ![iecy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1077.gif) ![ncy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1085.gif) ![tcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1090.gif) ![ocy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1086.gif) ![pcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1087.gif) ![ncy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1085.gif) ![acy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1072.gif) ![pcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1087.gif) ![rcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1088.gif) ![yacy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1103.gif) ![zhcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1078.gif) ![iecy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1077.gif) ![ncy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1085.gif) ![icy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1080.gif) ![pcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1087.gif) ![rcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1088.gif) ![ocy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1086.gif) ![tcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1090.gif) ![scy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1089.gif) ![acy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1072.gif) ![scy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1089.gif) ![ycy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1099.gif) ![vcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1074.gif) ![acy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1072.gif) ![ncy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1085.gif) ![icy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1080.gif) ![ucy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1091.gif) ![dcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1076.gif) ![acy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1072.gif) ![iecy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1077.gif) ![tcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1090.gif) ![scy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1089.gif) ![ocy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1086.gif) ![tscy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1094.gif) ![iecy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1077.gif) ![ncy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1085.gif) ![icy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1080.gif) ![tcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1090.gif) ![scy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1089.gif) ![icy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1080.gif) ![lcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1083.gif) ![scy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1089.gif) ![vcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1074.gif) ![yacy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1103.gif) ![zcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1079.gif) ![mcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1084.gif) ![zhcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1078.gif) ![dcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1076.gif) ![vcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1074.gif) ![ocy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1086.gif) ![dcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1076.gif) ![ocy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1086.gif) ![pcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1087.gif) ![ocy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1086.gif) ![vcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1074.gif) ![iecy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1077.gif) ![rcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1088.gif) ![khcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1093.gif) ![ncy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1085.gif) ![ocy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1086.gif) ![scy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1089.gif) ![tcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1090.gif) ![softcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1100.gif) ![chcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1095.gif) ![acy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1072.gif) ![scy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1089.gif) ![tcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1090.gif) ![chcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1095.gif) ![iecy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1077.gif) . ![Gcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1043.gif) ![rcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1088.gif) ![acy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1072.gif) ![ncy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1085.gif) ![ucy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1091.gif) ![lcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1083.gif) ![ocy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1086.gif) ![mcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1084.gif) ![iecy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1077.gif) ![tcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1090.gif) ![rcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1088.gif) ![icy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1080.gif) ![chcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1095.gif) ![iecy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1077.gif) ![kcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1082.gif) ![icy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1080.gif) ![scy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1089.gif) ![ocy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1086.gif) ![scy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1089.gif) ![tcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1090.gif) ![acy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1072.gif) ![icy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1080.gif) ![scy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1089.gif) ![scy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1089.gif) ![lcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1083.gif) ![iecy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1077.gif) ![dcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1076.gif) ![ocy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1086.gif) ![vcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1074.gif) ![acy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1072.gif) ![ncy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1085.gif) ![ncy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1085.gif) ![ycy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1099.gif) ![scy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1089.gif) ![iecy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1077.gif) ![dcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1076.gif) ![icy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1080.gif) ![iecy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1077.gif) ![ncy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1085.gif) ![tcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1090.gif) ![ocy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1086.gif) ![pcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1087.gif) ![rcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1088.gif) ![iecy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1077.gif) ![dcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1076.gif) ![scy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1089.gif) ![tcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1090.gif) ![acy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1072.gif) ![vcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1074.gif) ![lcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1083.gif) ![iecy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1077.gif) ![chcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1095.gif) ![scy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1089.gif) ![tcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1090.gif) ![icy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1080.gif) ![chcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1095.gif) ![kcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1082.gif) ![acy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1072.gif) ![mcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1084.gif) ![ocy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1086.gif) ![scy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1089.gif) ![ucy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1091.gif) ![scy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1089.gif) ![pcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1087.gif) ![iecy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1077.gif) ![ncy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1085.gif) ![zcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1079.gif) ![icy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1080.gif) ![dcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1076.gif) ![kcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1082.gif) ![ocy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1086.gif) ![lcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1083.gif) ![lcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1083.gif) ![icy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1080.gif) ![dcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1076.gif) ![acy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1072.gif) ![lcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1083.gif) ![softcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1100.gif) ![ncy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1085.gif) ![ycy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1099.gif) ![scy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1089.gif) ![icy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1080.gif) ![scy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1089.gif) ![tcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1090.gif) ![iecy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1077.gif) . ![Ocy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1054.gif) ![bcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1073.gif) ![scy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1089.gif) ![zhcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1078.gif) ![dcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1076.gif) ![acy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1072.gif) ![yucy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1102.gif) ![tcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1090.gif) ![scy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1089.gif) ![mcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1084.gif) ![iecy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1077.gif) ![tcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1090.gif) ![ocy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1086.gif) ![dcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1076.gif) ![ocy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1086.gif) ![pcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1087.gif) ![rcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1088.gif) ![iecy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1077.gif) ![dcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1076.gif) ![iecy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1077.gif) ![lcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1083.gif) ![iecy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1077.gif) ![ncy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1085.gif) ![icy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1080.gif) ![ocy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1086.gif) ![ocy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1086.gif) ![tcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1090.gif) ![vcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1074.gif) ![iecy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1077.gif) ![tcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1090.gif) ![scy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1089.gif) ![tcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1090.gif) ![vcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1074.gif) ![ucy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1091.gif) ![yucy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1102.gif) ![shchcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1097.gif) ![icy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1080.gif) ![pcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1087.gif) ![acy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1072.gif) ![rcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1088.gif) ![mcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1084.gif) ![iecy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1077.gif) ![tcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1090.gif) ![rcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1088.gif) ![ocy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1086.gif) ![pcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1087.gif) ![dcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1076.gif) ![acy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1072.gif) ![ncy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1085.gif) ![ncy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1085.gif) ![ycy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1099.gif) ![bcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1073.gif) ![ucy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1091.gif) ![rcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1088.gif) ![iecy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1077.gif) ![ncy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1085.gif) ![icy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1080.gif) ![lcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1083.gif) ![bcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1073.gif) ![ocy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1086.gif) ![rcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1088.gif) ![acy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1072.gif) ![tcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1090.gif) ![ocy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1086.gif) ![rcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1088.gif) ![ncy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1085.gif) ![ycy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1099.gif) ![icy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1080.gif) ![scy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1089.gif) ![scy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1089.gif) ![lcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1083.gif) ![iecy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1077.gif) ![dcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1076.gif) ![ocy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1086.gif) ![acy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1072.gif) ![ncy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1085.gif) ![icy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1080.gif) ![scy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1089.gif) ![ocy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1086.gif) ![ocy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1086.gif) ![tcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1090.gif) ![vcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1074.gif) ![iecy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1077.gif) ![tcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1090.gif) ![scy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1089.gif) ![tcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1090.gif) ![vcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1074.gif) ![ucy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1091.gif) ![yucy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1102.gif) ![shchcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1097.gif) ![icy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1080.gif) ![mcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1084.gif) ![tcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1090.gif) ![iecy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1077.gif) ![mcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1084.gif) ![acy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1072.gif) ![tcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1090.gif) ![icy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1080.gif) ![chcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1095.gif) ![iecy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1077.gif) ![scy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1089.gif) ![kcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1082.gif) ![icy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1080.gif) ![ucy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1091.gif) ![rcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1088.gif) ![acy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1072.gif) ![vcy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1074.gif) ![ncy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1085.gif) ![ncy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1085.gif) ![icy](/content/t737556128123xg7/xxlarge1080.gif) .
|
| |
Keywords: | |
本文献已被 SpringerLink 等数据库收录! |
|