Thermal Anomalies In A Regional Metamorphic Terrane: An Isotopic Study of the Role of Fluids |
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| Authors: | CHAMBERLAIN C PAGE; RUMBLE DOUGLAS |
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| Institution: | 1Department of Earth Sciences, Dartmouth College Hanover, New Hampshire 03755
2Geophysical Laboratory 2801 Upton Street, NW, Washington, D.C. 20008 |
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| Abstract: | A series of ten localized, high-temperature, granulite faciesregions occurs within the regional metamorphic, sillimanitezone of New Hampshire, USA. These regions, or ‘hot spots’,measure 10–30km2 in a sillimanite zone that extends 50kmeast-west and over 150km north-south. The hot spots are characterizedby an abrupt increase in temperature over a distance of a fewkilometers, from 550?C in the sillimanite zone to 700?C in thegranulite facies. Mineral assemblages in pelites change rapidlyover the same distance from sillimanite-staurolite-muscovite-garnet-biotite-quartzto sillimanite-K feldspar-cordierite-garnet-biotite-quartz inthe granulite facies. The hot spot located near Bristol, New Hampshire was chosenfor detailed study because it has a network of quartz-graphiteveins in its core. Oxygen isotope analyses of minerals and rocksfrom Bristol suggest a close approach to pervasive exchangeequilibration between disparate rock types throughout the sillimanitezone. A comparison between chlorite zone pelites and calc-silicategranofelses of equivalent stratigraphic age shows a range ofover 7 in  18O of whole rocks from lower grade, whereas sillimanitezone rocks from Bristol vary by no more than 3, only. Quartzseparated from the Bristol high-grade metasediments varies byno more than 2?3. Superimposed upon the regional, sillimanite-zone oxygen isotopehomogenization is a 1–2 km wide region in the core ofthe hot spot in which the 18O of metasediments has been furtherhomogenized. Both quartz from quartz-graphite veins and quartzfrom cordierite-bearing wall rocks have exchanged oxygen isotopes;all quartz has 18O=13?8?0?5 (SMOW). Radiometric ages of quartz-graphite veins and metasedimentarywall rocks show that the hydrothermal event and metamorphismin the hot spot were both of Acadian age. Hydrothermal overgrow-thson zircons from one of the veins give ages of 409 ? 6 Ma. Monazitefrom cordierite bearing pelites from the wall of the same veingives a U-Pb age of 392 ? 3 Ma, using conventional techniques. The coincidence of: (1) an isograd high; (2) an isotherm hotspot; (3) a network of quartz-graphite veins; and (4) an oxygenisotope alteration halo suggests a relationship between hydrothermalactivity and heating of metasediments. The geochronologicalevidence demonstrates that the hydrothermal event and hot spotmetamorphism were not greatly separated in time. It is proposedthat the hot spots represent loci where hot metamorphic fluidswere focused through a fracture system now recorded by quartz-graphiteveins. |
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