Five hundred years of gridded high-resolution precipitation reconstructions over Europe and the connection to large-scale circulation |
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| Authors: | Andreas Pauling Jürg Luterbacher Carlo Casty Heinz Wanner |
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| Institution: | (1) Institute of Geography, University of Bern, Hallerstrasse 12, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland;(2) National Center of Competence in Research (NCCR) in Climate, Erlachstrasse 9a, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland;(3) Climate and Environmental Physics, Physics Institute, University of Bern, Sidlerstrasse 5, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland |
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| Abstract: | We present seasonal precipitation reconstructions for European land areas (30°W to 40°E/30–71°N; given on a 0.5°×0.5° resolved
grid) covering the period 1500–1900 together with gridded reanalysis from 1901 to 2000 (Mitchell and Jones 2005). Principal component regression techniques were applied to develop this dataset. A large variety of long instrumental precipitation
series, precipitation indices based on documentary evidence and natural proxies (tree-ring chronologies, ice cores, corals
and a speleothem) that are sensitive to precipitation signals were used as predictors. Transfer functions were derived over
the 1901–1983 calibration period and applied to 1500–1900 in order to reconstruct the large-scale precipitation fields over
Europe. The performance (quality estimation based on unresolved variance within the calibration period) of the reconstructions
varies over centuries, seasons and space. Highest reconstructive skill was found for winter over central Europe and the Iberian
Peninsula. Precipitation variability over the last half millennium reveals both large interannual and decadal fluctuations.
Applying running correlations, we found major non-stationarities in the relation between large-scale circulation and regional
precipitation. For several periods during the last 500 years, we identified key atmospheric modes for southern Spain/northern
Morocco and central Europe as representations of two precipitation regimes. Using scaled composite analysis, we show that
precipitation extremes over central Europe and southern Spain are linked to distinct pressure patterns. Due to its high spatial
and temporal resolution, this dataset allows detailed studies of regional precipitation variability for all seasons, impact
studies on different time and space scales, comparisons with high-resolution climate models as well as analysis of connections
with regional temperature reconstructions.
Electronic Supplementary Material Supplementary material is available for this article at and is accessible for authorized users. |
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