| 西南地区石漠化分布、演变特征及影响因素 |
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| 引用本文： | 安国英,周璇,温静,童立强.西南地区石漠化分布、演变特征及影响因素[J].现代地质,2016,30(5):1150-1159. |
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| 作者姓名： | 安国英 周璇 温静 童立强 |
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| 作者单位： | 1中国国土资源航空物探遥感中心，北京100083；2中北大学 经济与管理学院，山西 太原030051 |
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| 基金项目： | 中国地质调查局“中国东部重要经济区带基础地质环境遥感调查与监测”项目（1212010510706）；中国地质调查局“西南岩溶石漠化遥感调查与动态监测”项目(1212011220958)。 |
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| 摘 要： | 根据中国西南岩溶区1999—2008年石漠化遥感调查结果,研究了该区石漠化发生现状和近十年间石漠化在区域、岩性、地貌及区域经济等方面的演变特征，并对发生石漠化的影响因素进行分析。结果显示，石漠化集中分布在滇、黔、桂三省区；石漠化的发生与岩性和地貌密切相关，其中纯碳酸盐岩中石漠化发生率高于杂碳酸盐岩，并随灰岩或碳酸盐岩含量减少而降低，而地形高差相对大的峰丛洼地、峰林洼地石漠化发生率最高，并随地貌相对高差变小而降低。石漠化发生程度与岩性、地貌关系表现多样，纯碳酸盐岩中轻度石漠化比例高于中度和重度石漠化之和的比例，杂碳酸盐岩中中度和重度石漠化之和的比例高于轻度石漠化比例；在峰林洼地、峰林/缓丘平原中轻度石漠化比例高于中度和重度石漠化之和的比例，缓丘台地和丘陵谷地中中度和重度石漠化之和的比例高于轻度石漠化，是岩溶构造演化与人类活动共同制约的结果。从1999年到2008年间，该区石漠化已经呈现转轻趋势，主要表现在总面积减少，石漠化程度减轻；石漠化演变过程中发生在不同岩性和地貌中改善或恶化发生率的变化趋势与上述石漠化的发生规律相似。石漠化还不同程度地影响居民的生活水平，调查显示，严重石漠化县域内石漠化面积与农民人均纯收入、人均生产总值等呈负相关，县域内石漠化面积是影响农民人均纯收入，乃至人均生产总值最重要的因素。因此，石漠化调查结果显示，研究区石漠化呈向好趋势，但是治理难点依然存在。
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| 关 键 词： | 中国西南 岩溶地区 石漠化 分布特征 演变 统计分析 |
Analysis of Characteristics and Reason of Rocky Desertification Occurrence and Evolution in Karst Areas of Southwestern China |
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| AN Guoying,ZHOU Xuan,WEN Jing,TONG Liqiang.Analysis of Characteristics and Reason of Rocky Desertification Occurrence and Evolution in Karst Areas of Southwestern China[J].Geoscience——Journal of Graduate School,China University of Geosciences,2016,30(5):1150-1159. |
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| Authors: | AN Guoying ZHOU Xuan WEN Jing TONG Liqiang |
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| Institution: | 1China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center，Beijing100083,China;
2School of Economics and Management, North University of China, Taiyuan,Shanxi030051,China |
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| Abstract: | Using the rocky desertification data from remote sensing survey，this paper researched rocky desertification distribution and evolution during the past nearly decade from 1999 to 2008 in the karst areas of southwest China, including spatial region, carbonate lithology，karst topography，economic development and so on, and analyzed preliminarily the influencing factors of rocky desertification. The result shows that the distribution of rocky desertification concentrates in Yunnan, Guizhou and Guangxi provinces，and rocky desertification distribution is closely related to the different lithologic compositions and karst geomorphologies; the occurrence rate of rocky desertification is higher in the pure carbonate rock than that in the impure，decreasing with limestone or carbonate becoming smaller; the occurrence rate is the highest in the peak forest and cluster topography which is high terrain elevation and easily occurs rocky desertification, decreasing with the relative height of landscape becoming smaller. And correlations between desertification extent and lithology or landform are diverse, and the proportion of low extent rocky desertification is higher than the proportion of moderate and severe extent in pure carbonate rocks, but the proportion of moderate and severe extent rocky desertification is higher than the proportion of the low extent in impure carbonate; the proportion of low extent rocky desertification is higher than that of the moderate and severe extent in peak depression and plain landforms, and the proportion of moderate and severe extent rocky desertification is higher than that of the low extent in hilly terraces and hilly valley, and all those are affected by tectonic environment evolution and human activities. At the same time, from 1999 to 2008, it had become a good trend of rocky desertification evolution to reduce the total area and to relieve the extent, and the trend for worsening occurrence rate or improvement of the evolution process is similar to the distribution of different carbonate lithologies and karst topographies. Besides above all, rocky desertification also affect the living standard of the residents: the rocky desertification area of the severe extent rocky desertification county is negative correlation with farmers average net income or per capita GDP; the area size of countys rocky desertification is the most important factor affecting per capita GDP, as well as farmers per capita income. Therefore, the remote sensing survey of the period of rocky desertification indicates that there is a good trend of rocky desertification in the study area, but governance difficulties still exist. |
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| Keywords: | rocky desertification distribution statistical analysis karst area southwest China |
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